Marcos Pérez Jiménez
Dictator of Venezuela from 1952 to 1958 / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Marcos Evangelista Pérez Jiménez (25 April 1914 – 20 September 2001) was a Venezuelan military and general officer of the Army of Venezuela and the dictator of Venezuela from 1950 to 1958, ruling as member of the military junta from 1950 to 1952 and as president from 1952 to 1958. He took part in the 1948 Venezuelan coup d'état, becoming part of the ruling junta. He ran in the 1952 election. However, the junta cancelled the election when early results indicated that the opposition was ahead, and declared Jiménez provisional president. He became president in 1953 and instituted a constitution that granted him dictatorial powers.
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Marcos Pérez Jiménez | |
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President of Venezuela | |
In office 2 December 1952 – 23 January 1958 Provisional: 2 December 1952 – 19 April 1953 | |
Preceded by | Germán Suárez Flamerich |
Succeeded by | Wolfgang Larrazábal |
30th Commander-in-Chief of the Venezuelan Army | |
In office November 1948 – August 1954 | |
Preceded by | Carlos Delgado Chalbaud |
Succeeded by | Hugo Fuentes |
Minister of Defense | |
In office 18 October 1948 – 1 January 1952 | |
Preceded by | Carlos Delgado Chalbaud |
Succeeded by | Jesús M. Castro León |
Personal details | |
Born | Marcos Evangelista Pérez Jiménez (1914-04-25)25 April 1914 Táchira, United States of Venezuela |
Died | 20 September 2001(2001-09-20) (aged 87) Alcobendas, Spain |
Nationality | Venezuelan |
Political party | Independent Electoral Front (1951–1958) |
Spouse | Flor María Chalbaud |
Children | 5 daughters (Monica Mercedes with Marita Lorenz) |
Alma mater | Military academy of Venezuela |
Occupation | Politician |
Profession | Military officer |
Signature | |
Military service | |
Allegiance | Venezuela |
Branch/service | Venezuelan Army |
Years of service | 1931–1958 |
Rank | Divisional General |
Battles/wars | none |
Under Pérez's rule, the rise of oil prices facilitated many public works projects, including roads, bridges, government buildings and public housing, as well as the rapid development of industries such as hydroelectricity, mining, and steel. The economy of Venezuela developed rapidly while Pérez was in power. On the other hand, Pérez presided over one of the most repressive governments in Venezuela. His government's political police, the Dirección de Seguridad Nacional (National Security), suppressed criticism and imprisoned those who opposed his rule.
Following massive public demonstrations in support of democratic reforms, Pérez was deposed in a coup perpetrated by disgruntled sectors within the Armed Forces of Venezuela on 23 January 1958. Pérez was then exiled to the Dominican Republic, later Miami, United States and afterwards went on to settle in Spain under the Franco regime's protection.