Sichuan
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Sichuan[lower-alpha 1] is a province in Southwest China occupying most of the Sichuan Basin and the easternmost part of the Tibetan Plateau between the Jinsha River on the west, the Daba Mountains in the north and the Yungui Plateau to the south. Sichuan's capital city is Chengdu. The population of Sichuan stands at 83 million. Sichuan neighbors are Qinghai to the northwest, Gansu to the north, Shaanxi to the northeast, Chongqing (historically part of Sichuan until the late 20th century) to the east, Guizhou to the southeast, Yunnan to the south, and the Tibet Autonomous Region to the west.
Sichuan
四川 | |
---|---|
Province of Sichuan | |
Name transcription(s) | |
• Chinese | 四川省 (Sìchuān Shěng) |
• Abbreviation | SC / 川 (pinyin: Chuān) |
Coordinates: 30.5°N 102.5°E / 30.5; 102.5 | |
Country | China |
Capital (and largest city) | Chengdu |
Divisions | 21 prefectures, 181, 5011 |
Government | |
• Type | Province |
• Body | Sichuan Provincial People's Congress |
• CCP Secretary | Wang Xiaohui |
• Congress chairman | Wang Xiaohui |
• Governor | Huang Qiang |
• CPPCC chairwoman | Tian Xiangli |
• National People's Congress Representation | 147 deputies |
Area | |
• Total | 485,000 km2 (187,000 sq mi) |
• Rank | 5th |
Highest elevation | 7,556 m (24,790 ft) |
Population (2020)[2] | |
• Total | 83,674,866 |
• Rank | 5th |
• Density | 170/km2 (450/sq mi) |
• Rank | 22nd |
Demographics | |
• Ethnic composition | Han – 95% Yi – 2.6% Tibetan – 1.5% Qiang – 0.4% Others – 0.5% |
• Languages and dialects | Southwestern Mandarin (Sichuanese), Khams Tibetan, Hakka Chinese |
GDP[3] | |
• Total | CN¥ 5.661 trillion US$ 841.7 billion |
• Per capita | CN¥ 67,777 US$ 10,077 |
ISO 3166 code | CN-SC |
HDI (2021) | 0.740[4] (high) (23rd) |
Website | SC.gov.cn |
Sichuan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 四川 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Postal | Szechwan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Literal meaning | "Four Plains"[5] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Tibetan name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tibetan | སི་ཁྲོན་ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Yi name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Yi | ꌧꍧ syp chuo | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Former names | |||||||||||||
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Ba (today's Chongqing municipalities) and Shu (today's Sichuan province) | |||||||||||||
Chinese | 巴蜀 | ||||||||||||
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In antiquity, Sichuan was the home of the ancient state of Ba and the ancient kingdom of Shu. Their conquest by Qin strengthened it and paved the way for Qin Shi Huang's unification of China under the Qin dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms era, Liu Bei's state of Shu was based in Sichuan. The area was devastated in the 17th century by Zhang Xianzhong's rebellion and the area's subsequent Manchu conquest, but recovered to become one of China's most productive areas by the 19th century. During World War II, Chongqing served as the temporary capital of the Republic of China, making it the focus of the Japanese bombing. It was one of the last mainland areas captured by the People's Liberation Army during the Chinese Civil War and was divided into four parts from 1949 to 1952, with Chongqing restored two years later. It suffered gravely during the Great Chinese Famine of 1959–61 but remained China's most populous province until Chongqing Municipality was again separated from it in 1997.
The Han Chinese people of Sichuan speak distinctive Sichuanese dialects of Mandarin Chinese. The spicy Sichuan pepper is prominent in modern Sichuan cuisine, featuring dishes—including Kung Pao chicken and mapo tofu—that have become staples of Chinese cuisine around the world.
Sichuan is the 6th-largest provincial economy of China, the largest in Western China and the second largest among inland provinces after Henan. As of 2021, its nominal GDP was 5,385 billion yuan (US$847.68 billion), ahead of the GDP of Turkey of 815 billion.[7][8] Compared to a country, it would be the 18th-largest economy as well as the 19th most populous as of 2021.[9]
There are many panda stations in the province and large reserves for these creatures, such as the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding.
It is commonly believed that the name Sichuan means "four rivers"; in folk etymology, this is usually taken to mean four of the province's major rivers: the Jialing, Jinsha (or Wu), Min, and Tuo.[10][11] According to historical geographer Tan Qixiang, "four rivers" is an erroneous interpretation of the place's name.[12] The name of the province is a contraction of the phrases Sì Chuānlù (四川路, "Four Plain Circuits") and Chuānxiá Sìlù (川峡四路, "Four Circuits of Chuanxia"),[note 1][13] referring to the division of the existing imperial administrative circuit in the area into four during the Northern Song dynasty, which were Yizhou, Lizhou, Zizhou, and Kuizhou.[14] The word chuan (川) here means "plain", not its normal meaning of "river" as popularly assumed.[15][16] In addition to its postal map and Wade-Giles forms, the name has also been irregularly romanized as Szű-chuan and Szechuan.
In antiquity, the area of modern Sichuan including the now separated Chongqing Municipality was known to the Chinese as Ba-Shu, in reference to the ancient state of Ba and the ancient kingdom of Shu that once occupied the Sichuan Basin. Shu continued to be used to refer to the Sichuan region all through its history right up to the present day; several states formed in the area used the same name, for example, the Shu of the Three Kingdoms period, and Former Shu and Later Shu of the Ten Kingdoms period.[17] Currently, both the characters for Shu and Chuan are commonly used as abbreviations for Sichuan.[18]
The region was formerly also referred to as "West China" or "Western China" by Protestant missions.
Prehistory
The Sichuan Basin and adjacent areas of the Yangtze watershed were a cradle of indigenous civilizations dating back to at least the 15th century BC, coinciding with the Shang in northern China. The region had its own distinct religious beliefs and worldview. The earliest culture found in the region through archaeological investigation is the Baodun culture (c.2700–1750 BC) excavated in the Chengdu Plain.[19][20]
Ba and Shu Kingdoms
The most important native states were those of Ba and Shu.
Ba stretched into Sichuan from the Han Valley in Shaanxi and Hubei down the Jialing River as far as its confluence with the Yangtze at Chongqing.[21]
Shu occupied the valley of the Min, including Chengdu and other areas of western Sichuan.[21] The existence of the early state of Shu was poorly recorded in the main historical records of China. It was, however, referred to in the Book of Documents as an ally of the Zhou.[22] Accounts of Shu exist mainly as a mixture of mythological stories and historical legends recorded in local annals such as the Chronicles of Huayang compiled in the Jin dynasty (266–420),[23][24] and the Han-dynasty compilation Chronicle of the Kings of Shu [zh].[25] These contained folk stories such as that of Emperor Duyu [zh] who taught the people agriculture and transformed himself into a cuckoo after his death.[26] The existence of a highly developed civilization with an independent bronze industry in Sichuan eventually came to light with an archaeological discovery in 1986 at a small village named Sanxingdui in Guanghan, Sichuan.[26] This site, believed to be an ancient city of Shu, was initially discovered by a local farmer in 1929 who found jade and stone artefacts. Excavations by archaeologists in the area yielded few significant finds until 1986 when two major sacrificial pits were found with spectacular bronze items as well as artefacts in jade, gold, earthenware, and stone.[27] This and other discoveries in Sichuan contest the conventional historiography that the local culture and technology of Sichuan were undeveloped in comparison to the technologically and culturally "advanced" Yellow River valley of north-central China.[citation needed]
Qin dynasty
The rulers of the expansionist state of Qin, based in present-day Gansu and Shaanxi, were the first strategists to realize that the area's military importance matched its commercial and agricultural significance. The Sichuan basin is surrounded by the Hengduan Mountains to the west, the Qin Mountains to the north, and Yungui Plateau to the south. Since the Yangtze flows through the basin and then through the perilous Three Gorges to eastern and southern China, Sichuan was a staging area for amphibious military forces and a haven for political refugees.[citation needed]
Qin armies finished their conquest of the kingdoms of Shu and Ba by 316 BC. Any written records and civil achievements of earlier kingdoms were destroyed. Qin administrators introduced improved agricultural technology. Li Bing, engineered the Dujiangyan irrigation system to control the Min River, a major tributary of the Yangtze. This innovative hydraulic system was composed of movable weirs which could be adjusted for high or low water flow according to the season, to either provide irrigation or prevent floods. The increased agricultural output and taxes made the area a source of provisions and men for Qin's unification of China.[citation needed]
Han dynasty
Sichuan was subjected to the autonomous control of kings named by the imperial family of the Han dynasty. During the 11 years hiatus between 25 and 36 AD, Sichuan was controlled by the Chengjia Kingdom. Following the declining central government of the Han dynasty in the second century, the Sichuan basin, surrounded by mountains and easily defensible, became a popular place for upstart generals to found kingdoms that challenged the authority of Yangtze Valley emperors over China.[28]
Three Kingdoms
In 221, during the partition following the fall of the Eastern Han – the era of the Three Kingdoms – Liu Bei founded the southwest kingdom of Shu Han (蜀漢; 221–263) in parts of Sichuan, Guizhou, and Yunnan, with Chengdu as its capital. Shu-Han claimed to be the successor to the Han dynasty.[28]
In 263, the Cao Wei of North China conquered the Kingdom of Shu-Han as a step on the path to reuniting China. Salt production becomes a major business in Ziliujing District. During the Six Dynasties period of Chinese disunity, Sichuan began to be populated by non-Han ethnic minority peoples, owing to the migration of Gelao people from the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau to the Sichuan basin.[citation needed]
Tang dynasty
Sichuan came under the firm control of a Chinese central government during the Sui dynasty, but it was during the subsequent Tang dynasty that Sichuan regained its previous political and cultural prominence for which it was known during the Han. Chengdu became nationally known as a supplier of armies and the home of Du Fu, who is sometimes called China's greatest poet. During the An Lushan Rebellion (755–763), Emperor Xuanzong of Tang fled from Chang'an to Sichuan which became his refuge. The region was torn by constant warfare and economic distress as it was besieged by the Tibetan Empire.[29]
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
In the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Sichuan became the centre of the Shu kingdom with its capital in Chengdu founded by Wang Jian. In 925, the kingdom was absorbed into Later Tang but would regain independence under Meng Zhixiang who founded Later Shu in 934. Later Shu would continue until 965 when it was absorbed by the Song.
Song and Yuan dynasties
During the Song dynasty (960–1279), Sichuanese was able to protect themselves from Tibetan attacks with the help of the central government. There were rebellions against the Song by Li Shun in 994 and Wang Jun in 1000. Sichuan also saw cultural revivals like the great poets Su Xun (蘇洵), Su Shi, and Su Zhe.[29] Although paper currency was known in the Tang dynasty, in 1023 AD, the first true paper money in human history, termed jiaozi (交子; jiāozǐ), was issued in Chengdu.[30][31][32]
It was also during the Song dynasty that the bulk of the native Ba people of eastern Sichuan assimilated into the Han Chinese ethnicity.[33]
In the 12th and 13th centuries, the Southern Song dynasty established coordinated defenses against the Mongolian Yuan dynasty, in Sichuan and Xiangyang. The Southern Song state monopolized the Sichuan tea industry to pay for warhorses, but this state intervention eventually brought devastation to the local economy.[34] The line of defense was finally broken through after the first use of firearms in history during the six-year Battle of Xiangyang, which ended in 1273. Allegedly there were a million pieces of unspecified types of skeleton bones belonging to war animals and both Song and Yuan soldiers who perished in the fighting over the city, although the figure may have been grossly exaggerated.[35] The recorded number of families in Sichuan dropped from 2,640,000 families,[36] as recorded from the census taken in 1162 AD, to 120,000 families[37] in 1282 AD.[38] Possible causes include forced population transfer to nearby areas, evacuation to nearby provinces, census under-reporting or inaccuracy, and war-related deaths.[citation needed] One instance of the deportation of Sichuanese civilians to Mongolia occurred in the aftermath of a battle in 1259 when more than 80,000 people were taken captive from one city in Sichuan and moved to Mongolia.[39]
Ming dynasty
The Ming dynasty defeated Ming Yuzhen's Xia polity which ruled Sichuan.[40]
During the Ming dynasty, major architectural works were created in Sichuan. Buddhism remained influential in the region. Bao'en Temple is a well-preserved 15th-century monastery complex built between 1440 and 1446 during the Zhengtong Emperor's reign (1427–64). Dabei Hall enshrines a thousand-armed wooden image of Guanyin and Huayan Hall is a repository with a revolving sutra cabinet. The wall paintings, sculptures, and other ornamental details are masterpieces of the Ming period.[41]
In the middle of the 17th century, the peasant rebel leader Zhang Xianzhong (1606–1646) from Yan'an, Shaanxi Province, nicknamed Yellow Tiger, led his peasant troop from north China to the south and conquered Sichuan. Upon capturing it, he declared himself emperor of the Daxi dynasty (大西王朝). In response to the resistance from local elites, he massacred a large number of people in Sichuan.[42] As a result of the massacre as well as years of turmoil during the Ming-Qing transition, the population of Sichuan fell sharply, requiring massive resettlement of people from the neighboring Huguang Province (modern Hubei and Hunan) and other provinces during the Qing dynasty.[43][44][45]
Qing dynasty
Sichuan was originally the origin of the Deng lineage until one of them was hired as an official in Guangdong during the Ming dynasty but during the Qing plan to increase the population in 1671 they came to Sichuan again. In 1904 Deng Xiaoping was born in Sichuan.[46]
During the Qing dynasty, Sichuan was merged with Shaanxi and Shanxi to create "Shenzhuan" during 1680–1731 and 1735–1748.[29] The current borders of Sichuan (which then included Chongqing) were established in the early 18th century. In the aftermath of the Sino-Nepalese War on China's southwestern border, the Qing gave Sichuan's provincial government direct control over the minority-inhabited areas of Sichuan west of Kangding, which had previously been handled by an amban.[44]
A landslide dam on the Dadu River caused by an earthquake gave way on 10 June 1786. The resulting flood killed 100,000 people.[47]
Republic of China
In the early 20th century, the newly founded Republic of China established the Chuanbian Special Administrative District (川邊特別行政區) on the province's territories to the west of the Sichuan Basin. The Special District later became the province of Xikang, incorporating the areas inhabited by Yi, Tibetan, and Qiang ethnic minorities to its west, and eastern part of today's Tibet Autonomous Region.[citation needed]
In the 20th century, as Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, and Wuhan had all been occupied by the Japanese during the Second Sino-Japanese War, the capital of the Republic of China had been temporarily relocated to Chongqing, then a major city in Sichuan. An enduring legacy of this move is those nearby inland provinces, such as Shaanxi, Gansu, and Guizhou, which previously never had modern Western-style universities, began to be developed in this regard.[48] The difficulty of accessing the region overland from the eastern part of China and the foggy climate hindering the accuracy of the Japanese bombing of the Sichuan Basin made the region the stronghold of Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang government during 1938–45 and led to the Bombing of Chongqing.[citation needed]
The Second Sino-Japanese War was soon followed by the resumed Chinese Civil War, and the cities of East China are obtained by the Communists one after another, the Kuomintang government again tried to make Sichuan its stronghold on the mainland, although it already saw some Communist activity since it was one area on the road of the Long March. Chiang Kai-shek himself flew to Chongqing from Taiwan in November 1949 to lead the defense. But the same month Chongqing switched to the Communists, followed by Chengdu on 10 December. The Kuomintang general Wang Sheng wanted to stay behind with his troops to continue the anticommunist guerilla war in Sichuan, but was recalled to Taiwan. Many of his soldiers made their way there as well, via Burma.[49]
People's Republic of China
The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949, and it split Sichuan into four areas and separated Chongqing municipality. Sichuan was reconstituted in 1952, with Chongqing added in 1954, while the former Xikang province was split between Tibet in the west and Sichuan in the east.[29]
The province was deeply affected by the Great Chinese Famine of 1959–1961, during which period some 9.4 million people (13.07% of the population at the time) died.[50]
In 1978, when Deng Xiaoping took power, Sichuan was one of the first provinces to experiment with the market economic enterprise.
From 1955 until 1997 Sichuan had been China's most populous province, hitting the 100 million mark shortly after the 1982 census figure of 99,730,000.[51] This changed in 1997 when the Sub-provincial city of Chongqing as well as the three surrounding prefectures of Fuling, Wanxian, and Qianjiang were split off into the new Chongqing Municipality. The new municipality was formed to spearhead China's effort to economically develop its western provinces, as well as to coordinate the resettlement of residents from the reservoir areas of the Three Gorges Dam project.
In 1997 when Sichuan split, the sum of the two parts was recorded to be 114,720,000 people.[52] As of 2010, Sichuan ranks as both the 3rd largest (the largest among Chinese provinces with a population greater than 50 million) and 4th most populous province in China.[53]
In May 2008, an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.9/8.0 hit just 79 km (49 mi) northwest of the provincial capital of Chengdu. Official figures recorded a death toll of nearly 70,000 people, and millions of people were left homeless.[54]
Sichuan consists of twenty-one prefecture-level divisions: eighteen prefecture-level cities (including a sub-provincial city) and three autonomous prefectures:
Administrative divisions of Sichuan | |||||||||||
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Division code[55] | Division | Area in km2[56] | Population 2020[57] | Seat | Divisions[58] | ||||||
Districts | Counties | Aut. counties | CL cities | ||||||||
510000 | Sichuan Province | 485,000.00 | 83,674,866 | Chengdu city | 55 | 105 | 4 | 19 | |||
510100 | Chengdu city | 12,163.16 | 20,937,757 | Wuhou District | 12 | 3 | 5 | ||||
510300 | Zigong city | 4,373.13 | 2,489,256 | Ziliujing District | 4 | 2 | |||||
510400 | Panzhihua city | 7,423.42 | 1,212,203 | Dong District | 3 | 2 | |||||
510500 | Luzhou city | 12,233.58 | 4,254,149 | Jiangyang District | 3 | 4 | |||||
510600 | Deyang city | 5,951.55 | 3,456,161 | Jingyang District | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||
510700 | Mianyang city | 20,267.46 | 4,868,243 | Fucheng District | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | |||
510800 | Guangyuan city | 16,313.70 | 2,305,657 | Lizhou District | 3 | 4 | |||||
510900 | Suining city | 5,323.85 | 2,814,196 | Chuanshan District | 2 | 2 | 1 | ||||
511000 | Neijiang city | 5,385.33 | 3,140,678 | Shizhong District | 2 | 2 | 1 | ||||
511100 | Leshan city | 12,827.49 | 3,160,168 | Shizhong District | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | |||
511300 | Nanchong city | 12,479.96 | 5,607,565 | Shunqing District | 3 | 5 | 1 | ||||
511400 | Meishan city | 7,173.82 | 2,955,219 | Dongpo District | 2 | 4 | |||||
511500 | Yibin city | 13,293.89 | 4 588 804 | Cuiping District | 3 | 7 | |||||
511600 | Guang'an city | 6,301.41 | 3,254,883 | Guang'an District | 2 | 3 | 1 | ||||
511700 | Dazhou city | 16,591.00 | 5,385,422 | Tongchuan District | 2 | 4 | 1 | ||||
511800 | Ya'an city | 15,213.28 | 1,434,603 | Yucheng District | 2 | 6 | |||||
511900 | Bazhong city | 12,301.26 | 2,712,894 | Bazhou District | 2 | 3 | |||||
512000 | Ziyang city | 7,962.56 | 2,308,631 | Yanjiang District | 1 | 2 | |||||
513200 | Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture | 82,383.32 | 822,587 | Barkam city | 12 | 1 | |||||
513300 | Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture | 147,681.37 | 1,107,431 | Kangding city | 17 | 1 | |||||
513400 | Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture | 60,422.67 | 4,858,359 | Xichang city | 14 | 1 | 2 | ||||
Administrative divisions in Chinese and varieties of romanizations | ||||
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English | Chinese | Pinyin | Sichuanese Romanzation | |
Sichuan Province | 四川省 | Sìchuān Shěng | si4 cuan1 sen3 | |
Chengdu city | 成都市 | Chéngdū Shì | cen2 du1 si4 | |
Zigong city | 自贡市 | Zìgòng Shì | ||
Panzhihua city | 攀枝花市 | Pānzhīhuā Shì | ||
Luzhou city | 泸州市 | Lúzhōu Shì | nu2 zou1 si4 | |
Deyang city | 德阳市 | Déyáng Shì | ||
Mianyang city | 绵阳市 | Miányáng Shì | ||
Guangyuan city | 广元市 | Guǎngyuán Shì | ||
Suining city | 遂宁市 | Sùiníng Shì | xu4 nin2 si4 | |
Neijiang city | 内江市 | Nèijiāng Shì | nui4 jiang1 si4 | |
Leshan city | 乐山市 | Lèshān Shì | ||
Nanchong city | 南充市 | Nánchōng Shì | lan2 cong1 si4 | |
Meishan city | 眉山市 | Méishān Shì | mi2 san1 si4 | |
Yibin city | 宜宾市 | Yíbīn Shì | ni2 bin1 si4 | |
Guang'an city | 广安市 | Guǎng'ān Shì | ||
Dazhou city | 达州市 | Dázhōu Shì | ||
Ya'an city | 雅安市 | Yǎ'ān Shì | ||
Bazhong city | 巴中市 | Bāzhōng Shì | ||
Ziyang city | 资阳市 | Zīyáng Shì | ||
Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture | 阿坝藏族羌族自治州 | Ābà Zangzú Qiāngzú Zìzhìzhōu | ||
Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture | 甘孜藏族自治州 | Gānzī Zangzú Zìzhìzhōu | ||
Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture | 凉山彝族自治州 | Liángshān Yízú Zìzhìzhōu |
The twenty prefectures of Sichuan are subdivided into 183 county-level divisions (53 districts, 17 county-level cities, 109 counties, and 4 autonomous counties). At the end of the year 2017, the total population is 83.02 million.[59]
Urban areas
Population by urban areas of prefecture & county cities | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
# | Cities | 2020 Urban area[60] | 2010 Urban area[61] | 2020 City proper |
1 | Chengdu[lower-alpha 2] | 13,568,357 | 6,316,922[lower-alpha 3] | 20,937,757 |
2 | Mianyang | 1,549,499 | 967,007[lower-alpha 4] | 4,868,243 |
3 | Yibin | 1,290,555 | 549,650[lower-alpha 5] | 4,588,804 |
4 | Nanchong | 1,254,455 | 890,402 | 5,607,565 |
5 | Luzhou | 1,128,479 | 742,274 | 4,254,149 |
6 | Dazhou | 1,112,996 | 379,467[lower-alpha 6] | 5,385,422 |
7 | Zigong | 868,565 | 666,204 | 2,489,256 |
8 | Suining | 829,356 | 549,826 | 2,814,196 |
9 | Leshan | 819,038 | 678,752 | 3,160,168 |
10 | Meishan | 732,757 | 347,546[lower-alpha 7] | 2,955,219 |
11 | Deyang | 716,820 | 530,122[lower-alpha 8] | 3,456,161 |
12 | Panzhihua | 686,063 | 631,258 | 1,212,203 |
13 | Xichang | 636,367 | 466,732 | part of Liangshan Prefecture |
14 | Neijiang | 615,845 | 586,445 | 3,140,678 |
15 | Jianyang | 591,224 | 365,386 | see Chengdu[lower-alpha 2] |
16 | Guangyuan | 556,842 | 407,756 | 2,305,657 |
17 | Bazhong | 549,128 | 477,235 | 2,712,894 |
18 | Guang'an | 485,180 | 317,502 | 3,254,883 |
19 | Ziyang[lower-alpha 2] | 462,287 | 376,387 | 2,308,631 |
20 | Shehong | 442,852 | [lower-alpha 9] | see Suining |
21 | Dujiangyan | 436,619 | 317,627 | see Chengdu |
22 | Chongzhou | 391,259 | 206,448 | see Chengdu |
23 | Jiangyou | 387,892 | 312,154 | see Mianyang |
24 | Pengzhou | 383,409 | 263,199 | see Chengdu |
25 | Guanghan | 368,933 | 235,872 | see Deyang |
26 | Ya'an | 343,062 | 208,940[lower-alpha 10] | 1,434,603 |
27 | Qionglai | 322,777 | 190,099 | see Chengdu |
28 | Langzhong | 303,044 | 242,535 | see Nanchong |
29 | Longchang | 275,419 | [lower-alpha 11] | see Neijiang |
30 | Emeishan | 252,682 | 220,349 | see Leshan |
31 | Mianzhu | 232,761 | 192,001 | see Deyang |
32 | Shifang | 223,320 | 187,473 | see Deyang |
33 | Wanyuan | 172,148 | 129,617 | see Dazhou |
34 | Huaying | 145,959 | 119,228 | see Guang'an |
35 | Kangding | 69,728 | [lower-alpha 12] | part of Garzê Prefecture |
36 | Barkam | 31,405 | [lower-alpha 13] | part of Ngawa Prefecture |
- /sɪtʃˈwɑːn/;[6] Chinese: 四川ⓘ, Mandarin: [sɹ̩̂.ʈʂʰwán]; pinyin: Sìchuān; alternatively romanized as Szechuan
- New districts established after 2010 census: Shuangliu (Shuangliu County), Pidu (Pixian County), Xinjin (Xinjin County). These new districts not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.
- New district established after 2010 census: Anzhou (Anxian County). The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.
- New districts established after 2010 census: Nanxi (Nanxi County), Xuzhou (Yibin County). These new districts not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.
- New district established after 2010 census: Dachuan (Daxian County). The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.
- New district established after 2010 census: Pengshan (Pengshan County). The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.
- New district established after 2010 census: Luojiang (Luojiang County). The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.
- New district established after 2010 census: Mingshan (Mingshan County). The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.