User:GreaterBear/sandbox
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Emperor Wu of Han | |||||||||||||||||
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Emperor of the Han dynasty | |||||||||||||||||
Reign | 9 March 141 BC – 29 March 87 BC | ||||||||||||||||
Predecessor | Emperor Jing | ||||||||||||||||
Successor | Emperor Zhao | ||||||||||||||||
Born | 30 July 157 BC Chang'an, Han | ||||||||||||||||
Died | 29 March 87 BC (aged 69)[1] Chang'an, Han | ||||||||||||||||
Burial | Maoling, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province | ||||||||||||||||
Consorts | Lady Chen Empress Xiaowusi Lady Wang Lady Li Empress Xiaowu Empress Dowager Zhao at least one other wife | ||||||||||||||||
Issue | Liu Ju, Crown Prince Li Liu Hong, Prince Huai of Qi Liu Dan, Prince La of Yan Liu Xu, Prince Li of Guangling Liu Bo, Prince Ai of Changyi Emperor Zhao of Han Eldest Princess Wei Princess Zhuyi Princess Shiyi Princess Eyi Princess Yi'an | ||||||||||||||||
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Dynasty | Western Han | ||||||||||||||||
Father | Emperor Jing | ||||||||||||||||
Mother | Empress Xiaojing |
GreaterBear/sandbox | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 漢武帝 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 汉武帝 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Literal meaning | "The Martial Emperor of Han" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Alternative Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 劉徹 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 刘彻 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Literal meaning | (personal name) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Emperor Wu of Han (30 July 157 BC – 29 March 87 BC), formally enshrined as Emperor Wu the Filial (Chinese: 孝武皇帝), born Liu Che (劉徹) and courtesy name Tong, was the seventh emperor of the Han dynasty of ancient China, ruling from 141–87 BC.[2] His reign lasted 54 years — a record not broken until the reign of the Kangxi Emperor more than 1,800 years later and remains the record for ethnic Chinese emperors.
Emperor Wu is known for consolidating the power of the Han dynasty's central government. During his reign, he developed a strong and centralized state by reorganizing the government and promoting Confucian doctrines. As a military campaigner, Emperor Wu also oversaw a vast territorial expansion of the Han dynasty's territories into its greatest extent. Emperor Wu successfully repelled the nomadic Xiongnu from systematically raiding northern China and pushed them towards the Gobi desert. New territories gained during these campaigns included those previously inhabited in the North by the Xiongnu tribes in present day Gansu, China.[3] In the south, Han diplomacy and military campaigns established control on lands previously inhabited by the southern Minyue, Dong'ou, and Nanyue tribes near modern day Korea and Vietnam, and lands inhabited by the Yi tribes near modern day Chinese provinces of Yunnan and Sichuan.[3] At its height, the Empire's borders spanned from the Fergana Valley in the west, to Korea in the east, and to northern Vietnam in the south.
In the field of historical social and cultural studies, Emperor Wu is known for his religious innovations and patronage of the poetic and musical arts, including development of the Imperial Music Bureau into a prestigious entity. It was also during his reign that cultural contact with western Eurasia was greatly increased, directly and indirectly.
Emperor Wu is considered one of the greatest emperors in Chinese history, due to his effective governance which made the Han dynasty one of the most powerful nations in the world.[4] Michael Loewe called the reign of Emperor Wu the "high point" of "Modernist" (classically justified Legalist) policies, looking back to "adapt ideas from the pre-Han period."[5] Emperor Wu's policies and most trusted advisers were Legalist,[6] favouring adherents of Shang Yang.[7] However, despite establishing an autocratic and centralised state, Emperor Wu adopted the principles of Confucianism as his state philosophy and code of ethics for his empire and started a school to teach future administrators the Confucian classics. These reforms had an enduring effect throughout the existence of imperial China and an enormous influence on neighbouring civilizations.[citation needed]