User:Mr. Ibrahem/Fibromyalgia
Medical condition / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a medical condition characterized by chronic widespread pain and a heightened pain response to pressure.[3] Other symptoms include tiredness to a degree that normal activities are affected, sleep problems and troubles with memory.[4] Some people also report restless legs syndrome, bowel or bladder problems, numbness and tingling and sensitivity to noise, lights or temperature.[5] Fibromyalgia is frequently associated with depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder.[4] Other types of chronic pain are also frequently present.[4]
Fibromyalgia | |
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Other names | Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) |
The location of the nine paired tender points that constitute the 1990 American College of Rheumatology criteria for fibromyalgia | |
Pronunciation | |
Specialty | Psychiatry, rheumatology, neurology[2] |
Symptoms | Widespread pain, feeling tired, sleep problems[3][4] |
Usual onset | Middle age[5] |
Duration | Long term[3] |
Causes | Unknown[4][5] |
Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms after ruling out other potential causes[4][5] |
Differential diagnosis | Polymyalgia rheumatica, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, thyroid disease[6] |
Treatment | Sufficient sleep and exercise, healthy diet[5] |
Medication | Duloxetine, milnacipran, pregabalin, gabapentin[5][7] |
Prognosis | Normal life expectancy[5] |
Frequency | 2–8%[4] |
The cause of fibromyalgia is unknown, however, it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors.[4][5] The condition runs in families and many genes are believed to be involved.[8] Environmental factors may include psychological stress, trauma and certain infections.[4] The pain appears to result from processes in the central nervous system and the condition is referred to as a "central sensitization syndrome".[3][4] Fibromyalgia is recognized as a disorder by the US National Institutes of Health and the American College of Rheumatology.[5][9] There is no specific diagnostic test.[5] Diagnosis involves first ruling out other potential causes and verifying that a set number of symptoms are present.[4][5]
The treatment of fibromyalgia can be difficult.[5] Recommendations often include getting enough sleep, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet.[5] Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) may also be helpful.[4][10] The medications duloxetine, milnacipran or pregabalin may be used.[5] Use of opioid pain medication is controversial, with some stating their usefulness is poorly supported by evidence[5][11] and others saying that weak opioids may be reasonable if other medications are not effective.[12] Dietary supplements lack evidence to support their use.[5] While fibromyalgia can last a long time, it does not result in death or tissue damage.[5]
Fibromyalgia is estimated to affect 2–8% of the population.[4] Women are affected about twice as often as men.[4] Rates appear similar in different areas of the world and among different cultures.[4] Fibromyalgia was first defined in 1990, with updated criteria in 2011.[4] There is controversy about the classification, diagnosis and treatment of fibromyalgia.[13][14] While some feel the diagnosis of fibromyalgia may negatively affect a person, other research finds it to be beneficial.[4] The term "fibromyalgia" is from New Latin fibro-, meaning "fibrous tissues", Greek μυώ myo-, "muscle", and Greek άλγος algos, "pain"; thus, the term literally means "muscle and fibrous connective tissue pain".[15]