Benutzer:Arcticboy000/ chronological territorial claims of the Arctic
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In the 19th century, the existence of the continental shelf was discovered. It was found out that the continent did not stop when the ocean started, but that part of the continent was under the ocean. And it turns out that a lot of fuel is located under the continental shelves. So, after that, the border states like Canada or Russia started to claim territories. As a result, in 1982, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) established the notion of a legal continental shelf, meaning that a state can claim a legal or theoretical continental shelf or an actual geological continental shelf within 350,000 nautical miles. States have ten years to prove scientifically what they are claiming, after the ratification of the treaty, with the possibility of revising the claim.
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The United Nations Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf is created to evaluate and confirm the data presented by the States. It is the only decision-making body on the separation of submarine spaces. Norway (1996), Sweden, Iceland, Russia (1997), Canada (2003) and Denmark (2004) have ratified the treaty. Thus, these bordering countries of the Arctic have ten years to claim Arctic territories, these previously international areas with 22% of the world’s undiscovered but recoverable oil and natural gas and new accessible shipping routes could also open up by the global warming, creating many conflicts. For instance, Denmark, Russia, Norway and Canada claim the North Pole.