Metrovagonmash 81-717/81-714
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81-717/714 is a Soviet/Russian metro car model and the most produced member of the 81-series, designed in the Soviet Union in the mid-1970s. The cars were made from 1976 to 2014 by Metrovagonmash and the I. E. Yegorov Vagonmash factories of Mytishchi and Saint Petersburg, respectively. Production is still ongoing for specific modernizations, and is the most produced and longest produced metro train in the world ever.
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81-717/714 | |
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In service | 1977–present (former USSR)[1] 1978-2009 (Czech Republic, unmodernized)[1] 1979-2018 (Budapest, unmodernized)[1] 1980-present (Saint-Petersburg[1], Kyiv, Tashkent and Yerevan) 1983-present (Kharkiv) 1995-2023 (Poland)[1] 1998-present (Sofia, not all are modernized)[1] 2007-present (Russia, 81-717/714.6)[1] |
Manufacturer | Metrovagonmash Mytishchi[1] Vagonmash Sankt Petersburg (formerly Leningrad Railcar Factory named after I. E. Yegorov)[1] Tver (formerly Kalinin) Railcar Factory[1] October Electric Railcar Repair Factory[1] |
Family name | 81-series |
Replaced | E-series |
Constructed | 1976 (prototype)[1] 1977-1988 (base model)[1] 1977-2021 (with modifications)[1], this period could be prolonged |
Entered service | 1978 (Moscow and Prague)[1] 1979 (Budapest)[1] 1980 (Saint Petersburg[1], Kyiv, Tashkent and Yerevan) 1983 (Kharkiv) 1984 (Minsk) 1985 (Nizhny Novgorod) 1986 (Novosibirsk) 1987 (Baku, Samara and Tbilisi) 1991 (Yekaterinburg) 1995 (Warsaw[1] and Dnipro) 1998 (Sofia)[1] |
Refurbished | 81-717.5/714.5[1] 81-717.5M/714.5M[1] 81-717.5П/81-714.5П 81-717.6/714.6[1] 81-717.6K/714.6K[1] 81-717.2K/81-714.2K[1] 81-717.4K/714.4K |
Scrapped | since 2012 (Moscow, Tashkent and Baku), 2023 Warsaw[1] |
Number built | 1 042 units (7 409 wagons)[1] |
Capacity | 330 passengers per wagon[1] (308 passengers per wagon for some modifications) |
Operators | see below |
Lines served | Baku Metro[1], Azerbaijan Budapest Metro[1], Hungary: Line M3 Dnipro Metro[1], Ukraine, Kharkiv Metro[1], Ukraine Kyiv Metro[1], Ukraine Minsk Metro[1], Belarus Moscow Metro[1], Russia: Nizhny Novgorod Metro[1], Russia Novosibirsk Metro[1], Russia Prague Metro[1], Czech Republic Saint Petersburg Metro[1], Russia: Samara Metro[1], Russia Sofia Metro[1], Bulgaria: Tashkent Metro[1], Uzbekistan, Tbilisi Metro[1], Georgia Yekaterinburg Metro[1], Russia Yerevan Metro[1], Armenia |
Specifications | |
Car length | 19,206 mm (63 ft 1⁄8 in)[1] |
Width | 2,670 mm (8 ft 9+1⁄8 in)[1] |
Height | 3,650 mm (11 ft 11+3⁄4 in)[1] |
Doors | 8 (4 by 2 sides) + 1 driver door in lead car |
Maximum speed | 90 km/h (56 mph)[1] |
Weight | 34 t (33.5 long tons; 37.5 short tons)[1] |
Power output | 456 kW (612 hp)[1] |
Acceleration | 1.2 m/s2 (3.9 ft/s2; 4.3 km/(h⋅s)) |
Deceleration | 1.1 m/s2 (3.6 ft/s2; 4.0 km/(h⋅s)) |
Electric system(s) | 750 V[1] |
Current collector(s) | third rail, contact shoe |
Coupling system | Scharfenberg coupler |
Track gauge | 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in) Russian gauge[1] 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge |
The name 81-717 and 81-714 Also known as “Nomernoy” in some countries and in other “ Vagonmash” come from the Soviet electric rail vehicle numbering system, where the 81-717 cars are the control cars and the 81-714 are the trailer cars.[1] Unlike the previous metro sets made in the Soviet Union, they never received a lettered classification, thus, they have been known as the 81-series or the "Number Trains" (Номерной Поезд). The "number trains", as they are known colloquially among railfans and some commuters, feature restyled front ends, stronger electric traction motors, complex and wider usage of various electronic devices, and are more advanced than their predecessors, the E-series. 81-717/714 cars differ from the E-series in having control desks only in control cars.
They were first deployed in Moscow in 1978[1], and have since then seen widespread usage in the former USSR and its satellite states in Prague, Budapest, Warsaw, and Sofia[1] which are now all in the European Union.