Animal models of Parkinson's disease
Models used in Parkinson's disease research / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Animal models of Parkinson's disease are essential in the research field and widely used to study Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The loss of the dopamine neurons in the brain, results in motor dysfunction, ultimately causing the four cardinal symptoms of PD: tremor, rigidity, postural instability, and bradykinesia.[1] It is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, following Alzheimer's disease. It is estimated that nearly one million people could be living with PD in the United States.[2]
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There are a variety of models that can be utilized to be able to address important aspects of Parkinson's disease. Researchers can consider disease progression, cell death, behavioral characteristics, and more PD phenotypes. Parkinson's disease animal models are divided into two categories: neurotoxin models and genetic models.[3] Neurotoxin models include chemically induced toxicity in the brain; whereas, genetic models include genes that are mutated and induce PD phenotypes.