Carbamazepine
Anticonvulsant medication / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Carbamazepine, sold under the brand name Tegretol among others, is an anticonvulsant medication used in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain.[4][1] It is used as an adjunctive treatment in schizophrenia along with other medications and as a second-line agent in bipolar disorder.[6][1] Carbamazepine appears to work as well as phenytoin and valproate for focal and generalized seizures.[7] It is not effective for absence or myoclonic seizures.[1]
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Trade names | Tegretol, others |
Other names | CBZ |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a682237 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth |
Drug class | Anticonvulsant[1] |
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Bioavailability | ~100%[5] |
Protein binding | 70–80%[5] |
Metabolism | Liver (CYP3A4)[5] |
Metabolites | Active epoxide form (carbamazepine-10,11 epoxide)[5] |
Elimination half-life | 36 hours (single dose), 16–24 hours (repeated dosing)[5] |
Excretion | Urine (72%), feces (28%)[5] |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.005.512 |
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Formula | C15H12N2O |
Molar mass | 236.274 g·mol−1 |
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Carbamazepine was discovered in 1953 by Swiss chemist Walter Schindler.[8][9] It was first marketed in 1962.[10] It is available as a generic medication.[11] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[12] In 2020, it was the 185th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions.[13][14]