Clomifene
Infertility treatment for women / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Clomifene, also known as clomiphene, is a medication used to treat infertility in women who do not ovulate, including those with polycystic ovary syndrome.[5] Use results in a greater chance of twins.[5] It is taken by mouth once a day, with a course of treatment that usually lasts for five days.[5]
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Trade names | Clomid, Serophene, others[1] |
Other names | Clomiphene; Chloramifene; Chloramiphene; MRL-41; MRL/41; NSC-35770 |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
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Routes of administration | By mouth |
Drug class | Selective estrogen receptor modulator; Progonadotropin |
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Bioavailability | High (>90%) |
Metabolism | Liver CYP2D6 (with enterohepatic circulation)[2] |
Metabolites | 4-Hydroxyclomiphene (4-OH-CLO), 4-Hydroxy-N-desethylclomiphene (4-OH-DE-CLO) |
Elimination half-life | 4 – 7 days [2][3][4] active metabolites: |
Excretion | Mainly feces, some in urine |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.011.826 |
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Formula | C26H28ClNO |
Molar mass | 405.97 g·mol−1 |
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Common side effects include pelvic pain and hot flashes.[5] Other side effects can include changes in vision, vomiting, trouble sleeping, ovarian cancer, and seizures.[5][6] It is not recommended in people with liver disease or abnormal vaginal bleeding of unknown cause or who are pregnant.[6][7] Clomifene is in the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) family of medication and is a nonsteroidal medication.[7][8] It works by causing the release of GnRH by the hypothalamus, and subsequently gonadotropin from the anterior pituitary.[6]
Clomifene was approved for medical use in the United States in 1967.[5] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, under the category "Ovulation inducers" (Complementary List).[9] Its introduction began the era of assisted reproductive technology.[10]
Clomifene (particularly the purified enclomiphene isomer) has also been found to have a powerful ability to boost or restore testosterone levels in hypogonadal men.[11]