History of Honduras (1932–1982)
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Authoritarian General Tiburcio Carías Andino controlled Honduras during the Great Depression, until 1948. In 1955—after two authoritarian administrations and a general strike initiated by banana workers—young military reformists staged a coup that installed a provisional junta and paved the way for constituent assembly elections in 1957. This assembly appointed Ramón Villeda Morales as president and transformed itself into a national legislature with a 6-year term.
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Republic of Honduras | |||||||||
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1932–1982 | |||||||||
Motto: 'Libre, Soberana e Independiente' (Spanish) 'Free, Sovereign and Independent' | |||||||||
Anthem: Himno Nacional de Honduras (English: "Honduras National Anthem") | |||||||||
Capital | Tegucigalpa | ||||||||
Government | Unitary presidential republic under an authoritarian dictatorship (1932-1949); under a military junta (1956-1957); under an authoritarian military dictatorship (1963-1982) | ||||||||
President | |||||||||
• 1932-1949 | Tiburcio Carías Andino (first) | ||||||||
• 1978-1982 | Policarpo Paz García (last) | ||||||||
Legislature | National Congress | ||||||||
Historical era | Interwar period, Second World War, Cold War | ||||||||
• Carías assumes the presidency | 16 November 1932 | ||||||||
• 1956 Honduran coup d'état | 21 October 1956 | ||||||||
3 October 1963 | |||||||||
14-18 July 1969 | |||||||||
22 April 1975 | |||||||||
• Roberto Suazo Córdova becomes the president | 27 January 1982 | ||||||||
Currency | Lempira (HNL) | ||||||||
ISO 3166 code | HN | ||||||||
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In 1963, conservative military officers preempted constitutional elections and deposed Villeda in a bloody coup. The armed forces, led by Gen. Oswaldo López Arellano, governed until 1970. Popular discontent continued to rise after a 1969 border war with El Salvador, known as the "Soccer War". A civilian President—Ramón Ernesto Cruz of the National Party—took power briefly in 1970 but proved unable to manage the government.
In 1972, Gen. Lopez staged another coup. Lopez adopted more progressive policies, including land reform, but his regime was brought down in the mid-1970s by corruption scandals. The regimes of Gen. Juan Alberto Melgar Castro (1975–78) and Gen. Policarpo Paz García (1978–82) largely built the current physical infrastructure and telecommunications system of Honduras. The country also enjoyed its most rapid economic growth during this period, due to greater international demand for its products and the availability of foreign commercial lending.
Following the overthrow of Anastasio Somoza Debayle in Nicaragua in 1979 and general instability in El Salvador at the time, Hondurans elected a constituent assembly in 1980 and voted in general elections in 1981; the Liberal Party government of President Roberto Suazo Córdova took office.