History of Wrocław
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Wrocław has long been the largest and culturally dominant city in Silesia, and is today the capital of Poland's Lower Silesian Voivodeship, and the country's third most populous city proper.
Silesians until 985
Duchy of Poland 985–1025
Kingdom of Poland 1025–1038
Duchy of Bohemia 1038–1054
Kingdom of Poland 1054–1320
Duchy of Silesia 1320–1348
Kingdom of Bohemia 1348–1469
Kingdom of Hungary 1469–1490
Kingdom of Bohemia 1490–1526
Habsburg monarchy 1526–1742
Kingdom of Prussia 1742–1871
German Empire 1871–1918
Weimar Germany 1918–1933
Nazi Germany 1933–1945
People's Republic of Poland 1945–1989
Republic of Poland 1989–present
The history of Wrocław starts at a crossroads in Lower Silesia. It was one of the centres of the Duchy and then Kingdom of Poland, and briefly, in the first half of the 13th century, the centre of half of the divided Kingdom of Poland. German settlers arrived in increasing numbers after the first Mongol invasion of Poland in 1241, and Wrocław eventually became part of the Kingdom of Bohemia after the extinction of local Polish dukes in 1335. It was ruled by Hungary between 1469 and 1490, and after the War of Austrian Succession in the 18th century, the city and region were annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia, and in 1871 became part of the German Empire. In the interwar period and during World War II, the city witnessed discrimination and persecution of its Polish and Jewish inhabitants, including deportations to forced labour and Nazi concentration camps, and in addition, tens of thousands of forced labourers and prisoners of war of various nationalities were imprisoned in multiple German labour camps and prisons throughout the city. After World War II, Wrocław became again part of Poland and the German-speaking majority of its population was expelled to Germany in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement.