List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2021–2023
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Between 31 March 2021 and 5 December 2023, 187 individuals served as representatives in House of Representatives, the 150-seat lower house of the States General of the Netherlands. Vera Bergkamp was elected Speaker of the House of Representatives for this period.
The members were elected during the general election of 17 March 2021. Sixteen parties were elected to the House, the highest number since 1918.[1] After the election, the Fourth Rutte cabinet was formed for this term, consisting of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD, 34 seats), Democrats 66 (D66, 24 seats), Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA, 15 seats) and Christian Union (CU, 5 seats). Four new parties entered the political body after the election, namely Volt (3 seats), JA21 (3 seats), the Farmer–Citizen Movement (1 seat) and BIJ1 (1 seat). The rest of the opposition consisted of the Party for Freedom (17), the Socialist Party (9), the Labour Party (9), GroenLinks (8), Forum for Democracy (8), the Party for the Animals (6), the Reformed Political Party (3), DENK (3) and 50PLUS (1).[2]
During the term, six members switched their parliamentary group affiliation, changing the party composition of the House of Representatives. 50PLUS lost its seat in May 2021 due to Liane den Haan continuing as an independent politician. Forum for Democracy lost three seats that same month, as three of its members formed the independent caucus Groep Van Haga.[3][4] The CDA lost a seat in September 2021 as a result of Pieter Omtzigt leaving the party, while Volt lost a seat in February 2022 due to its expulsion of Nilüfer Gündoğan.[5][6] On 2 August 2023, Olaf Ephraim left the Groep Van Haga and continued as independent member. On 1 September 2023 Lilian Helder (PVV), Nicki Pouw-Verweij and Derk Jan Eppink (both JA21) switched to BBB, giving it four seats. With a peak of 21, this parliamentary term had a record number of parliamentary groups.[7]