Mars 2
Soviet space probe launched in 1971 / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Mars 2 was an uncrewed space probe of the Mars program, a series of uncrewed Mars landers and orbiters launched by the Soviet Union beginning 19 May 1971. The Mars 2 and Mars 3 missions consisted of identical spacecraft, each with an orbiter and an attached lander. The orbiter is identical to the Venera 9 bus. The type of bus/orbiter is the 4MV. They were launched by a Proton-K heavy launch vehicle with a Blok D upper stage. The lander of Mars 2 became the first human-made object to reach the surface of Mars, although the landing system failed and the lander was lost.
For other uses, see Mars II (disambiguation).
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Quick Facts Names, Mission type ...
Names | M-71 No. 171 |
---|---|
Mission type | Orbiter and lander |
Operator | Soviet Union |
COSPAR ID | Orbiter: 1971-045A Lander: 1971-045D |
SATCAT no. | Orbiter: 5234 Lander: 5739 |
Mission duration | 461 days |
Spacecraft properties | |
Manufacturer | OKB-1 |
Launch mass | Combined: 4,650 kg (10,250 lb) Orbiter: 3,440 kg (7,580 lb) Lander: 1,210 kg (2,670 lb)[1] |
Start of mission | |
Launch date | 16:22:44, May 19, 1971 (UTC) (1971-05-19T16:22:44Z) |
Rocket | Proton K with Blok D upper stage |
End of mission | |
Disposal | Decommissioned |
Deactivated | August 22, 1972 (1972-08-22) |
Last contact | last data transmission July 1972[2] |
Orbital parameters | |
Reference system | Areocentric |
Mars orbiter | |
Orbital insertion | 27 November 1971 |
Orbits | 362 |
Orbital parameters | |
Periareion altitude | 1,380 km (860 mi) |
Apoareion altitude | 24,940 km (15,500 mi) |
Inclination | 48.9° |
Mars lander | |
Spacecraft component | Mars 2 Lander |
Landing date | 27 November 1971 |
Landing site | 45°S 47°E |
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