Nicotinamide
Dietary supplement and medication / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Niacinamide or nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 found in food and used as a dietary supplement and medication.[2][3][4] As a supplement, it is used orally (swallowed by mouth) to prevent and treat pellagra (niacin deficiency).[3] While nicotinic acid (niacin) may be used for this purpose, niacinamide has the benefit of not causing skin flushing.[3] As a cream, it is used to treat acne, and has been observed in clinical studies to improve the appearance of aging skin by reducing hyperpigmentation and redness.[4][5] It is a water-soluble vitamin. Niacinamide is the supplement name, while nicotinamide is the scientific name.
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Pronunciation | /ˌnaɪəˈsɪnəmaɪd/, /ˌnɪkəˈtɪnəmaɪd/ |
Other names | NAM, 3-pyridinecarboxamide niacinamide nicotinic acid amide vitamin PP nicotinic amide vitamin B3 |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Consumer Drug Information |
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Routes of administration | oral, topical |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.002.467 |
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Formula | C6H6N2O |
Molar mass | 122.127 g·mol−1 |
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Density | 1.40 g/cm3 g/cm3 [1] |
Melting point | 129.5 °C (265.1 °F) |
Boiling point | 334 °C (633 °F) |
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Side effects are minimal.[6][7] At high doses, liver problems may occur.[6] Normal amounts are safe for use during pregnancy.[8] Niacinamide is in the vitamin B family of medications, specifically the vitamin B3 complex.[9][10] It is an amide of nicotinic acid.[6] Foods that contain niacinamide include yeast, meat, milk, and green vegetables.[11]
Niacinamide was discovered between 1935 and 1937.[12][13] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[14][15] Niacinamide is available as a generic medication and over the counter.[9] Commercially, niacinamide is made from either nicotinic acid (niacin) or nicotinonitrile.[13][16] In some countries, grains have niacinamide added to them.[13]