Chloroplast DNA
DNA located in cellular organelles called chloroplasts / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) is the DNA located in chloroplasts, which are photosynthetic organelles located within the cells of some eukaryotic organisms. Chloroplasts, like other types of plastid, contain a genome separate from that in the cell nucleus. The existence of chloroplast DNA was identified biochemically in 1959,[1] and confirmed by electron microscopy in 1962.[2] The discoveries that the chloroplast contains ribosomes[3] and performs protein synthesis[4] revealed that the chloroplast is genetically semi-autonomous. The first complete chloroplast genome sequences were published in 1986, Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) by Sugiura and colleagues and Marchantia polymorpha (liverwort) by Ozeki et al.[5][6] Since then, a great number of chloroplast DNAs from various species have been sequenced.