Portal:Sport of athletics
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Portal maintenance status: (June 2018)
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Event | 1st edition | Kind of competition | Can participate |
---|---|---|---|
Olympic Games | 1896 | World games | Worldwide |
World Championships | 1983 | World championships | |
World Indoor Championships | 1985 | ||
European Championships | 1934 | Continental championships | Europe |
European Indoor Championships | 1966 | ||
South American Championships | 1919 | South America | |
Asian Championships | 1973 | Asia | |
African Championships | 1979 | Africa | |
Ocenian Championships | 1990 | Oceania |
Introduction
Athletics is a group of sporting events that involves competitive running, jumping, throwing, and walking. The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field, road running, cross-country running, and racewalking.
The results of racing events are decided by finishing position (or time, where measured), while the jumps and throws are won by the athlete that achieves the highest or furthest measurement from a series of attempts. The simplicity of the competitions, and the lack of a need for expensive equipment, makes athletics one of the most common types of sports in the world. Athletics is mostly an individual sport, with the exception of relay races and competitions which combine athletes' performances for a team score, such as cross country.
Organized athletics are traced back to the Ancient Olympic Games from 776 BC. The rules and format of the modern events in athletics were defined in Western Europe and North America in the 19th and early 20th century, and were then spread to other parts of the world. Most modern top level meetings are held under the auspices of World Athletics, the global governing body for the sport of athletics, or its member continental and national federations. (Full article...)
General images - load new batch
- Image 4Men assuming the starting position for a sprint race (from Track and field)
- Image 5A racewalker "flying" (entirely out of contact with the ground, a rule violation) (from Racewalking)
- Image 8A typical layout of an outdoor track and field stadium (from Track and field)
- Image 9Yury Shayunou spinning with the hammer within the circle in hammer throw (from Track and field)
- Image 11Oscar Pistorius running in the first round of the 400 m at the 2012 Summer Olympics (from Track and field)
- Image 12Anna Giordano Bruno releases the pole after clearing the bar in pole vault (from Track and field)
- Image 13The start of a typical cross country race, as an official fires a gun to signal the start (from Cross country running)
- Image 14Ethiopian runner Kenenisa Bekele leading in a long-distance track event (from Track and field)
- Image 18Runners at the 2010 European Cross Country Championships in Albufeira, Portugal (from Cross country running)
- Image 19American athlete Jim Thorpe lost his Olympic medals after taking expense money prior to the 1912 Summer Olympics for playing baseball, a violation of Olympic amateurism rules. (from Track and field)
- Image 21Edvin Wide, Ville Ritola, and Paavo Nurmi (on left) competing in the individual cross country race at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris; due to the hot weather, which exceeded 40 °C (104 °F), only 15 out of 38 competitors finished the race. (from Cross country running)
- Image 22Men traversing the water jump in a steeplechase competition (from Track and field)
- Image 23A woman attempting to high jump while using the Fosbury Flop technique (from Track and field)
- Image 27Marion Jones, after admitting to doping, lost her Olympic medals, was banned from the sport, and spent six months in jail. (from Track and field)
- Image 28Panathenaic Stadium in Athens, one of the first modern track and field stadiums (from Track and field)
- Image 30Carl Lewis, one of the athletes who helped increase track and field's profile (from Track and field)
- Image 32The Gordon Indoor Track sports an 80-yard sprint straight, and the track is 220 yards in length. (from Track and field)
- Image 33The Roy Griak Invitational cross country meet at the University of Minnesota in September 2007 (from Cross country running)
- Image 34Arne Andersson (left) and Gunder Hägg (right) broke a number of middle distance world records in the 1940s. (from Track and field)
- Image 36The New York State Federation Championship cross country meet in November 2010 (from Cross country running)
Selected article
The hammer throw is one of the four throwing events in regular outdoor track and field competitions, along with the discus throw, shot put and javelin.
The "hammer" used in this sport is not like any of the tools also called by that name. It consists of a metal ball attached by a steel wire to a grip. These three components are each separate and can move independently. Both the size and weight of the ball vary between men's and women's events. The women's hammer weighs 4 kilograms (8.8 lb) for college and professional meets while the men's hammer weighs 7.26 kilograms (16.0 lb). (Full article...)
The men's hammer weighs 16 pounds (7.26 kg) and measures 3 feet 11+3⁄4 inches (121.3 cm) in length, and the women's hammer weighs 4 kg (8.82 lb) and 3 ft 11 in (119.4 cm) in length.[1] Like the other throwing events, the competition is decided by who can throw the implement the farthest.
The throwing motion starts with the thrower swinging the hammer back-and-forth about two times to generate momentum. The thrower then makes three, four or (rarely) five full rotations using a complex heel-toe foot movement, spinning the hammer in a circular path and increasing its angular velocity with each rotation. Rather than spinning the hammer horizontally, it is instead spun in a plane that angles up towards the direction in which it will be launched. The thrower releases the hammer as its velocity is upward and toward the target.[2]
Throws are made from a throwing circle. The thrower is not allowed to step outside the throwing circle before the hammer has landed and may only enter and exit from the rear of the throwing circle. The hammer must land within a 34.92º throwing sector that is centered on the throwing circle. The sector angle was chosen because it provides a sector whose bounds are easy to measure and lay out on a field (10 metres out from the center of the ring, 6 metres across).[3][4] A violation of the rules results in a foul and the throw not being counted.[citation needed]
More selected articles |
Selected picture
Athlete birthdays
17 April:
- Aleksander Klumberg, Estonian decathlete and coach
- Li Meisu, Chinese shot putter
- Jenny Meadows, British middle-distance runner
- Vladimir Polyakov, Soviet pole vaulter
- Morgan Taylor, American hurdler
- Chris Thompson, British distance runner
- Pekka Vasala, Finnish middle-distance runner
18 April:
- Ian Campbell, Australian triple jumper
- Haile Gebrselassie, Ethiopian distance runner
- Trine Hattestad, Norwegian javelin thrower
- Tatyana Shchelkanova, Soviet long jumper and pentathlete
- Staffan Strand, Swedish high jumper
- Yelena Zhupiyeva-Vyazova, Soviet distance runner
- Robert Změlík, Czech decathlete
19 April:
- Anju Bobby George, Indian long jumper
- Ken Carpenter, American discus thrower
- Kelly Holmes, British middle-distance runner
- Arthur Robertson, British distance runner
- Sara Simeoni, Italian high jumper
20 April:
- Brahim Boulami, Moroccan steeplechase runner
- Betty Cuthbert, Australian sprinter
- Nelson Évora, Portuguese triple jumper
- Debbie Flintoff-King, Australian hurdler
- Manfred Kinder, German sprinter
- Tatyana Polnova, Russian pole vaulter
- Naftali Temu, Kenyan distance runner
- Roman Virastyuk, Ukrainian shot putter
21 April:
- Romeo Bertini, Italian distance runner
- Richard Chelimo, Kenyan distance runner
- Ludmila Engquist, Russian-Swedish hurdler
- Dieter Fromm, German middle-distance runner
- John Kibowen, Kenyan distance runner
- Julius Korir, Kenyan steeplechase runner
- Olga Kuragina, Soviet pentathlete
- Yuliya Pechonkina, Russian hurdler
- Michael Tinsley, American hurdler
- Marc Wright, American pole vaulter
22 April:
- Paul Malakwen Kosgei, Kenyan distance runner
23 April:
- Gezahegne Abera, Ethiopian distance runner
- Folke Jansson, Swedish triple jumper
- Alysia Montaño, American middle-distance runner
Related portals
More did you know
- ... that the 2000 Summer Olympics gold medalist in the heptathlon was Denise Lewis?
- ... that as part of a publicity stunt, the 1927 Texas Relays held an 89 mile (143 km) running race from San Antonio to Austin?
- ... that Czech decathlete Roman Šebrle, world record holder and 2004 Olympic winner, was injured in January 2007 when a javelin which had been thrown 55 metres pierced his shoulder?
- ... that at the 2001 World Championships in Athletics, Yipsi Moreno became world champion in the hammer throw at the age of twenty, improving from an eighteenth place finish in 1999?
Archive |
Selected biography
The Borlée family is a sporting family consisting of many athletes, one of whom, the progenitor Jacques, became a coach in the world of athletics. (Full article...)
The progenitor of the Borlee family is Jacques (born 1957), bronze medalist at the 1983 European Indoor Championships in Budapest on 200 m, while his first wife Edith Demaertelaere (born 1964) was a good sprinter with a personal best of 23.89. Six of his seven children are athletes (the first five born from the first marriage with Edith, the last two born from a second marriage).[5]
The eldest daughter Olivia (born 1986) won the silver medal at the Olympics, which was upgraded to gold in 2016 due to the Russian team's disqualification due to doping, and the world bronze at the 2007 Osaka World Championships with the 4 × 100 m relay and the other daughter Alizia (born 1991) was also a decent sprinter. The four sons are all 400 m specialists, the twins Jonathan and Kevin (born 1988), both Olympic finalists in London 2012, Dylan (born 1992) and the youngest Rayane. In addition, Jacques' older brother Jean-Pierre (born 1947) was also a sprinter.[6]
In 2015 the Belgian men's 4 × 400 metres relay team won the Belgian National Sports Merit Award (Trophée national du Mérite sportif) award assigned to the components Dylan Borlée, Jonathan Borlée, Kevin Borlée, Antoine Gillet et Julien Watrin.[7]
In an interview of 21 August 2013 released to the major Italian sports newspaper, La Gazzetta dello Sport, Jacques Borlée stated that he was inspired by his training methods to Sandro Calvesi, in turn the progenitor of one of the greatest families of Italian athletics, the Ottoz family. Calvesi was in fact the husband of the Berlin Olympian 1936 Gabre Gabric, father-in-law of the Olympic bronze medalist in the 110 m hs in Mexico City 1968, Eddy Ottoz and father of Lyana Calvesi, current president of the Atletica Calvesi club and coach of the sprinter Eleonora Marchiando.[8]
More selected biographies |
Did you know (auto-generated) - load new batch
- ... that in the 1932 baseball game in which pitcher Eddie Rommel won his last game, he pitched 17 innings in relief, an American League record?
- ... that the women's race at today's New York City Marathon will feature two of the medalists from this year's Olympic marathon?
- ... that at the 2022 British Athletics Championships, Daryll Neita became the first woman since 2010 to win both the 100- and 200-metre events?
- ... that for the first time this century, this year's British Athletics Championships were not broadcast on live television?
- ... that at the 2022 British Indoor Athletics Championships, Lorraine Ugen equalled the championship long jump record?
- ... that the men's 100 metres event at the 2023 British Athletics Championships was run in heavy rain?
- ... that German runner Alica Schmidt, who is running in the Women's 4 × 400 metres relay at the 2020 Summer Olympics, has won multiple European junior relay medals?
- ... that Marthe Yankurije, who dropped out of school during her fourth year of secondary school, competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics?
World records
Topics
Athletics events
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Athletics competitions
It's from the first edition (1896 Summer Olympics), that Athletics has been considered the "Queen" of the Olympics. Since then there have been a series of competitions organized at world level, than at the continental level. Furthermore, the Athletics is the main sport of nearly all multi-sport events such as Universiade, Mediterranean Games or Pan American Games. The following list refers to the main Athletics competitions that take place in the world.
Federations
- Internationals
- International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF)
- European Athletics Association (EAA)
- Confederation of African Athletics (CAA)
- Asian Athletics Association (AAA)
- North American, Central American and Caribbean Athletic Association
- CONSUDATLE
- Oceania Athletics Association (OAA)
- Nationals
- Australia: Athletics Australia (AA)
- Brazil: Brazilian Athletics Confederation (CBAt)
- Canada: Athletics Canada (AC)
- Czech: Czech Athletics Federation (ČAS)
- France: Fédération française d'athlétisme (FFA)
- Germany: German Athletics Association (DLV)
- Italy: Italian Athletics Federation (FIDAL)
- Jamaica: Jamaica Athletics Administrative Association (JAAA)
- Japan: Japan Association of Athletics Federations (JAAF)
- Kenya: Athletics Kenya (AK)
- China: Chinese Athletic Association
- Norway: Norwegian Athletics Association
- Romania: Romanian Athletics Federation
- Spain: Royal Spanish Athletics Federation (RFEA)
- Great Britain: UK Athletics (UKA)
- United States: USA Track & Field (USATF)
- Others
- Wales: Welsh Athletics (WA)
- England: Amateur Athletic Association of England (AAA)
- Scotland: Scottishathletics
- Athletic Association of Small States of Europe (AASSE)
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Sources
- "Hammer Throw". World Athletics. Archived from the original on November 19, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2022.
- Johannsen, Dana (1 August 2021). "Tokyo 2020: Why the Olympic hammer throw may become a new national obsession". Stuff. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
- "Hammer Throw". World Athletics.
- "Laying Out Sector Angles for the Track and Field Throwing Events" (PDF). USA Track & Field Pacific Northwest. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-05-13. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
The shot, discus, hammer & weight throw sector is 34.92º. This angle was chosen due to its simple geometry.
- "Mais qui est Rayane, le quatrième frère Borlée ?" (in French). rtbf.be. 6 May 2019. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
Rayane, leur petit frère de 19 ans. Il n'a pas la même mère que les trois ainés.
- "FRATELLI BORLEE L'ATLETICA IN FAMIGLIA" (in Italian). runtoday.it. 7 August 2012. Archived from the original on 5 May 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
- "LE 4X400M MASCULIN REÇOIT LE TROPHÉE NATIONAL DU MÉRITE SPORTIF" (in French). lbfa.be. 18 December 2015. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
- "C'è un pò di Italia nel miracolo Borlée "Noi figli di Calvesi"" (in Italian). La Gazzetta dello Sport. 21 August 2013. Retrieved 8 May 2021.