Robert Whittaker (ecologist)
American ecologist (1920–1980) / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Robert Harding Whittaker (December 27, 1920 – October 20, 1980) was an American plant ecologist, active from the 1950s to the 1970s. He was the first to propose the five kingdom taxonomic classification of the world's biota into the Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Monera in 1969.[1][2] He also proposed the Whittaker Biome Classification, which categorized biome types upon two abiotic factors: temperature and precipitation. He proposed the concepts of Alpha diversity, Beta diversity, and Gamma diversity.[3][4]
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Robert Harding Whittaker | |
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Born | (1920-12-27)December 27, 1920 Wichita, Kansas, U.S. |
Died | October 20, 1980(1980-10-20) (aged 59) Ithaca, New York, U.S. |
Nationality | American |
Alma mater | University of Illinois |
Known for | gradient theory in ecology five-kingdom system |
Awards | Eminent Ecologist Award (1981) |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Ecology |
Institutions | Cornell University, Washington State University |
Whittaker was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1974, received the Ecological Society of America's Eminent Ecologist Award in 1981, and was otherwise widely recognized and honored. He collaborated with many other ecologists including George Woodwell (Dartmouth), W. A. Niering, F. H. Bormann (Yale), and G. E. Likens (Cornell), and was particularly active in cultivating international collaborations.