Salvia divinorum
Species of plant / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Salvia divinorum (Latin: sage of the diviners; also called ska maría pastora, seer's sage, yerba de la pastora, magic mint or simply salvia) is a plant species with transient psychoactive properties when its leaves, or extracts made from the leaves, are administered by smoking, chewing, or drinking (as a tea).[3] The leaves contain the potent compound salvinorin A and can induce a dissociative state and hallucinations.[4]
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Salvia divinorum | |
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Vegetative habit of Salvia divinorum | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Lamiales |
Family: | Lamiaceae |
Genus: | Salvia |
Species: | S. divinorum |
Binomial name | |
Salvia divinorum | |
Native distribution of Salvia divinorum in Southwest Mexico[2] |
Mazatec shamans have a long and continuous tradition of religious use of S. divinorum to facilitate visionary states of consciousness during spiritual healing sessions.[1] Western media panic c. 2007 centered on reports of legal teenage use of the drug, a suicide, and video sharing of drug use on the internet. S. divinorum is legal in some countries, including the U.S. at the federal level;[5] but over half the states have passed laws criminalizing it.[6]
Its native habitat is cloud forest in the isolated Sierra Mazateca of Oaxaca, Mexico, where it grows in shady, moist locations.[7][8] The plant grows to over a meter high,[1] has hollow square stems like others in the mint family Lamiaceae, large leaves, and occasional white flowers with violet calyxes. Botanists have not determined whether S. divinorum is a cultigen or a hybrid because native plants reproduce vegetatively and rarely produce viable seed.[9][10]
Because the plant has not been well-studied in high-quality clinical research, little is known about its toxicology, adverse effects, or safety over long-term consumption.[3][4] Its chief active psychoactive constituent is a structurally unique diterpenoid called salvinorin A,[4][11][12] a potent κ-opioid agonist.[13] Although not thoroughly assessed, preliminary research indicates S. divinorum may have low toxicity (high LD50).[14][15] Its effects are rapid but short-lived.[3]