The sigma-2 receptor (σ2R) is a sigma receptor subtype that has attracted attention due to its involvement in diseases such as neurological diseases, neurodegenerative, neuro-ophthalmic and cancer. It is currently [when?] under investigation for its potential diagnostic and therapeutic uses.[5]
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Although the sigma-2 receptor was identified as a separate pharmacological entity from the sigma-1 receptor in 1990,[6] the gene that codes for the receptor was identified as TMEM97 only in 2017.[7] TMEM97 was shown to regulate the cholesterol transporter NPC1 and to be involved in cholesterol homeostasis. The sigma-2 receptor is a four-pass transmembrane protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum. It has been found to play a role in both hormone signaling and calcium signaling, in neuronal signaling, in cell proliferation and death, and in binding of antipsychotics.[8]