Two-pore channel
Family of transport proteins / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Two-pore channels (TPCs) are eukaryotic intracellular voltage-gated and ligand gated cation selective ion channels.[1] There are two known paralogs in the human genome, TPC1s and TPC2s.[2] In humans, TPC1s are sodium selective and TPC2s conduct sodium ions, calcium ions and possibly hydrogen ions. Plant TPC1s are non-selective channels. Expression of TPCs are found in both plant vacuoles and animal acidic organelles.[3] These organelles consist of endosomes and lysosomes.[3] TPCs are formed from two transmembrane non-equivalent tandem Shaker-like, pore-forming subunits, dimerized to form quasi-tetramers. Quasi-tetramers appear very similar to tetramers, but are not quite the same.[1][3] Some key roles of TPCs include calcium dependent responses in muscle contraction(s), hormone secretion, fertilization, and differentiation.[citation needed] Disorders linked to TPCs include membrane trafficking, Parkinson's disease, Ebola, and fatty liver.[4][5][6][7]
two pore segment channel 1 | |||||||
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Identifiers | |||||||
Symbol | TPCN1 | ||||||
IUPHAR | 392 | ||||||
NCBI gene | 53373 | ||||||
HGNC | 18182 | ||||||
OMIM | 609666 | ||||||
RefSeq | NM_017901 | ||||||
UniProt | Q9ULQ1 | ||||||
Other data | |||||||
Locus | Chr. 12 q24.21 | ||||||
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two pore segment channel 2 | |||||||
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Identifiers | |||||||
Symbol | TPCN2 | ||||||
IUPHAR | 393 | ||||||
NCBI gene | 219931 | ||||||
HGNC | 20820 | ||||||
RefSeq | NM_139075 | ||||||
UniProt | Q8NHX9 | ||||||
Other data | |||||||
Locus | Chr. 11 q13.1 | ||||||
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As implied by their name, TPC channels possess two pores and were named for their two Shaker-like repeats, which each have a pore domain.[1][8][9][10][11] This contrasts with two-pore-domain potassium channels, which confusingly have only one pore and were named for the fact that each subunit has two P (pore) domains in its primary sequence.[12][13]