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Category:Interpretations of quantum mechanics In physics and the philosophy of physics, Quantum Bayesianism usually refers to an interpretation of quantum mechanics also known as QBism. This interpretation takes an agent's action and experience as the central concerns of the theory and uses a subjective Bayesian account of probabilities to understand the Born rule as a normative addition to good decision-making. Rooted in the prior work of Carlton Caves, Christopher Fuchs, and Rüdiger Schack during the early 2000s, QBism itself is primarily associated with Fuchs and Schack and has more recently been adopted by David Mermin[1]. QBism draws from the fields of quantum information and Bayesian probability and aims to eliminate the interpretational conundrums that have beset quantum theory. The QBist interpretation is historically derivative of the views of the various physicists that are often grouped together as "the" Copenhagen interpretation,[2] but is itself distinct from them.[3] Theodor Hänsch [4] has characterized Qbism as sharpening the Copenhagen interpretation and making it more consistent.
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The term "Quantum Bayesianism" may sometimes refer more generically to the use of a Bayesian or personalist (aka "subjective") treatment of the probabilities that appear in quantum theory. QBism, in particular, has been referred to as "the radical Bayesian interpretation".[5]
QBism deals with common questions in the interpretation of quantum theory about the nature of wavefunction superposition, nonlocality, and entanglement.[6][7][8] It attempts, on a philosophical level, to provide an understanding of quantum theory, and on a more technical level, to derive as much of quantum theory from informational considerations as possible. According to QBism, many, but not all, aspects of the quantum formalism are subjective in nature. For example, in this interpretation, a quantum state is not an element of reality—instead it represents the degrees of belief an agent has in the outcomes of measurements. For this reason, some philosophers of science have deemed QBism a form of anti-realism.[9][10] The originators of the interpretation disagree with this characterization, proposing instead that the theory more properly aligns with a kind of realism they call "participatory realism", wherein reality consists of more than can be captured by any putative third-person account of it.[11][12]
In addition to presenting an interpretation of the existing mathematical structure of quantum theory, some QBists have advocated a research program of reconstructing quantum theory from basic physical principles whose QBist character is manifest,[13][14][15] as described in the Reconstructing quantum theory section below. The QBist interpretation itself, as described in the Core positions section, however, does not depend on any particular reconstruction.
QBist foundational research stimulated interest in symmetric, informationally-complete, positive operator-valued measures (SIC-POVMs), which now have applications in quantum theory outside of foundational studies [16][17][18][19] and in pure mathematics.[20] Likewise, a quantum version of the de Finetti theorem, introduced by Caves, Fuchs, and Schack (independently reproving a result found using different means by Størmer[21]) to provide a Bayesian understanding of the idea of an "unknown quantum state",[22][23] has found application elsewhere, in topics like quantum key distribution[24] and entanglement detection.[25]