User:Mr. Ibrahem/Cholestasis
Medical condition / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cholestasis is a condition of decreased bile production or flow from the liver to the intestines.[1] Symptoms may include itchiness, fatty stool, tiredness, fatty deposits in the skin, and yellowish skin and eyes.[1] Complications may include deficiencies of fat soluble vitamins.[1]
Cholestasis | |
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Other names | Cholestatic liver disease, cholestatic jaundice |
Micrograph showing bile (yellow) stasis, i.e. cholestasis. H&E stain. | |
Specialty | Gastroenterology |
Symptoms | Itchiness, fatty stool, tiredness, fatty deposits in the skin, yellowish skin and eyes[1] |
Complications | Fat soluble vitamin deficiency[1] |
Types | Extrahepatic, intrahepatic[1] |
Causes | Extrahepatic: Common bile duct stones, bile duct strictures, sclerosing cholangitis, bile duct cancer, pancreatic cancer[1] Intrahepatic: Viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, certain medications, pregnancy, sepsis, cystic fibrosis, primary biliary cholangitis[1] |
Diagnostic method | High direct bilirubin and high serum alkaline phosphatase[1] |
Treatment | Surgery, medication[1] |
Medication | Cholestyramine, ursodeoxycholic acid, antihistamines, naloxone[1] |
Frequency | Commons[2] |
The causes are divided into those outside the liver and those within the liver.[1] Causes outside the liver include common bile duct stones, bile duct strictures, sclerosing cholangitis, bile duct cancer, and pancreatic cancer.[1] Causes within the liver include viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, certain medications, pregnancy, sepsis, cystic fibrosis, and primary biliary cholangitis.[1] Blood tests may show a high direct bilirubin and serum alkaline phosphatase.[1]
Treatment depends on the underlying cause and symptoms.[1] Blockages of the bile ducts may be treated by surgery.[1] Itchiness may be improved with cholestyramine, ursodeoxycholic acid, antihistamines, and naloxone.[1] Other options for itchiness may include light therapy and plasmapheresis.[1] Cholestasis is common, with blockage of bile ducts the most frequent type.[3][2] The term "cholestasis" is from the Greek for "standing still of bile".[4]