User:Mr. Ibrahem/Clopidogrel
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Clopidogrel, sold under the trade name Plavix among others,[2] is an antiplatelet medication used to reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke in those at high risk.[4] It is also used together with aspirin in heart attacks and following the placement of a coronary artery stent (dual antiplatelet therapy).[4] It is taken by mouth.[4] Onset of effects is about two hours and lasts for five days.[4]
Clinical data | |
---|---|
Pronunciation | /kləˈpɪdəɡrɛl, kloʊ-/[1] |
Trade names | Plavix, others[2] |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a601040 |
License data |
|
Pregnancy category |
|
Routes of administration | By mouth |
Drug class | Thienopyridine, antiplatelet[4] |
Legal status | |
Legal status | |
Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | >50% |
Protein binding | 94–98% |
Metabolism | Liver |
Onset of action | 2 hours[4] |
Elimination half-life | 7–8 hours (inactive metabolite) |
Duration of action | 5 days[4] |
Excretion | 50% kidney 46% biliary |
Identifiers | |
| |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C16H16ClNO2S |
Molar mass | 321.82 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
| |
| |
(verify) |
Common side effects include headache, nausea, easy bruising, itching, and heartburn.[4] More severe side effects include bleeding and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.[4] While there is no evidence of harm from use during pregnancy, such use has not been well studied.[3] Clopidogrel is in the thienopyridine-class of antiplatelets.[4] It works by irreversibly inhibiting a receptor called P2Y12 on platelets.[4]
Clopidogrel was patented in 1982, and approved for medical use in 1997.[5][6] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[7] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$0.77–31.59 per month.[8] In the United States, a month of treatment costs less than US$25.[9] In 2017, it was the 40th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 19 million prescriptions.[10][11]