User:Mr. Ibrahem/Fluconazole
Antifungal medication / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Fluconazole is an antifungal medication used for a number of fungal infections.[1] This includes candidiasis, blastomycosis, coccidiodomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, dermatophytosis, and pityriasis versicolor.[1] It is also used to prevent candidiasis in those who are at high risk such as following organ transplantation, low birth weight babies, and those with low blood neutrophil counts.[1] It is given either by mouth or by injection into a vein.[1]
Clinical data | |
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AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a690002 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth, IV, topical |
Drug class | Azole antifungal[1] |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | >90% (by mouth) |
Protein binding | 11–12% |
Metabolism | liver 11% |
Elimination half-life | 30 hours (range 20–50 hours) |
Excretion | kidney 61–88% |
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Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C13H12F2N6O |
Molar mass | 306.271 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
Melting point | 139[2] °C (282 °F) |
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Common side effects include vomiting, diarrhea, rash, and increased liver enzymes.[1] Serious side effects may include liver problems, QT prolongation, and seizures.[1] During pregnancy it may increase the risk of miscarriage while large doses may cause birth defects.[3][1] Its use in the first trimester is thus not recommended.[4] Fluconazole is in the azole antifungal family of medication.[1] It is believed to work by affecting the fungal cellular membrane.[1]
Fluconazole was patented in 1981 and came into commercial use in 1988.[5] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[6] Fluconazole is available as a generic medication.[1] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$0.05–0.10 per day.[7] In the United States the wholesale price is about US$1.14–1.75 per day as of 2016.[8] In 2017, it was the 182nd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than three million prescriptions.[9][10]