User:Mr. Ibrahem/Pseudoephedrine
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pseudoephedrine (PSE) is a medication used for congestion of the nose such as may occur from hay fever or the common cold.[1] It may also be used to prevent pressure related ear problems due to eustachian tube obstruction.[1] It has not been found to be useful for sinusitis.[1] Use is not recommended in children less than six.[2] It is sold both by itself and over-the-counter in combination with other active ingredients such as antihistamines, guaifenesin, dextromethorphan, paracetamol (acetaminophen), or NSAIDs.[1][2] It is taken by mouth.[1]
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Pronunciation | /ˌsuːdoʊ.ɪˈfɛdrɪn, -ˈɛfɪdriːn/ |
Trade names | Afrinol, Sudafed, Sinutab, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a682619 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth |
Drug class | Sympathomimetic (alpha and beta adrenergic agonist)[1][2] |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | ~100%[3] |
Metabolism | 10–30% liver |
Elimination half-life | 4.3–8 hours[3] |
Excretion | 43–96% kidney[3] |
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Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C10H15NO |
Molar mass | 165.23 g·mol−1 |
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Common side effects include trouble sleeping, palpitations, headache, and dizziness.[1] Other concerns include abuse.[1] Use in early pregnancy is associated with harm to the baby well use during the early part of breastfeeding may reduce milk output.[2] It is a sympathomimetic and alpha and beta adrenergic agonist.[1][2]
Pseudoephedrine was isolated in 1889, by the German chemists Ladenburg and Oelschlägel, from Ephedra vulgaris at the Merck pharmaceutical company.[4][5] Plants that contain the medication; however, have been used in Chinese medicine for 5,000 years.[5] At higher doses it is used as a wakefulness-promoting agent and to enhance athletic performance.[6] Such use, has at various times, not been permitted by the International Olympic Committee.[6] Pseudoephedrine has also been used to illegally manufacture methamphetamines.[1] In the United Kingdom 24 tabs of 60 mg costs the NHS about 2 pounds.[2]