User:Mr. Ibrahem/Vertigo
Medical condition / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Vertigo is a symptom where a person has the sensation of moving or of surrounding objects moving when they are not.[2] Often it feels like a spinning or swaying movement.[2][3] This may be associated with nausea, vomiting, sweating, or difficulties walking.[3] It is typically worse when the head is moved.[3] Vertigo is the most common type of dizziness.[3]
Vertigo | |
---|---|
Other names | Acute dizziness[1] |
Horizontal nystagmus, a sign which can accompany vertigo. | |
Pronunciation | |
Specialty | Otorhinolaryngology |
Symptoms | Feeling of spinning or swaying, vomiting, difficulty walking[2][3] |
Types | Peripheral, central |
Causes | Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), Ménière's disease, labyrinthitis, stroke, brain tumors, brain injury, multiple sclerosis, migraine[2][3] |
Differential diagnosis | Presyncope, disequilibrium, non-specific dizziness[3] |
Frequency | 20–40% at some point[4] |
The most common diseases that result in vertigo are benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), Ménière's disease, and labyrinthitis.[2][3] Less common causes include stroke, brain tumors, brain injury, multiple sclerosis, migraines, trauma, and uneven pressures between the middle ears.[3][5][6] Physiologic vertigo may occur following being exposed to motion for a prolonged period such as when on a ship or simply following spinning with the eyes closed.[7][8] Other causes may include toxin exposures such as to carbon monoxide, alcohol, or aspirin.[9] Vertigo typically indicates a problem in a part of the vestibular system.[3] Other causes of dizziness include presyncope, disequilibrium, and non-specific dizziness.[3]
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is more likely in someone who gets repeated episodes of vertigo with movement and is otherwise normal between these episodes.[10] The episodes should last less than a minute.[3] The Dix-Hallpike test typically produces a period of rapid eye movements known as nystagmus in this condition.[2] In Ménière's disease there is often ringing in the ears, hearing loss, and the attacks of vertigo last more than twenty minutes.[10] In labyrinthitis the onset of vertigo is sudden and the nystagmus occurs without movement.[10] In this condition vertigo can last for days.[3] More severe causes should also be considered; especially if associated with weakness, headache, double vision, or numbness.[10][3]
Dizziness affects approximately 20–40% of people at some point in time, while about 7.5–10% have vertigo.[4] About 5% have vertigo in a given year.[11] It becomes more common with age and affects women two to three times more often than men.[11] Vertigo accounts for about 2–3% of emergency department visits in the developed world.[11]