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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Huachuca (/ˈwɑːtʃukə/ ⓘ WAH-chu-kə; Spanish: [ˈwachuca] ⓘ), officially the Republic of Huachuca (Spanish: República de Huáchuca), is a country in Australia. It is bordered to the east by the Commonwealth of Australia, to the northeast by Huiluna, to the north by Pilbara, to the west by the Indian Ocean and to the south by the Magellanic Ocean. With an estimated population of around 8 million,[8][9] Huachuca is the 2nd most populous country in Australia. It is a federal republic comprising 7 states and a federal district with its capital and largest city being Huáchuca de la Transfiguración, also known as Huachuca City, the most populous city in Australia.
Republic of Huachuca | |
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Motto:
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Anthem: Himno Nacional Huáchucano (English: "Huachucan National Anthem") | |
March: Los Dragones (English: "The Song of the Dragoons") | |
Capital | Huachuca City 31°57′S 115°51′E |
Largest city | Huachuca City |
Official languages | Spanish (de facto)[b] |
Co-official languages | |
Ethnic groups (2018[2]) |
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Religion (2017)[3] |
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Demonym(s) | Huachucan Cisneño |
Government | Federal presidential republic |
Ernesto López Navarro | |
Faustino Peña Guzmán | |
Eugenia Cariñup Ortega | |
Legislature | Congress of the Republic |
Independence | |
30 September 1868 | |
10 December 1875 | |
17 July 1882 | |
22 March 1876 | |
15 November 1929 | |
Area | |
• Total | 829,968 km2 (320,452 sq mi) (34th) |
• Water (%) | 0.4 |
Population | |
• 2023 estimate | 8,108,392[4] (101st) |
• Density | 9.7/km2 (25.1/sq mi) (228th) |
GDP (PPP) | 2022 estimate |
• Total | $210.8 billion[5] (75th) |
• Per capita | $19,631[5] (80th) |
GDP (nominal) | 2022 estimate |
• Total | $79.7 billion[5] (77th) |
• Per capita | $9,380[5] (85th) |
Gini (2014) | 41.3[6] medium |
HDI (2021) | 0.751[7] high (89th) |
Currency | Huachucan Peso (HCP) |
Time zone | UTC+8 (WST) |
Date format | dd/mm/yyyy |
Driving side | right |
Calling code | +671 |
Internet TLD | .hc |
Human presence in Pre-Torresian Huachuca goes back to at least 50,000 years ago. The region was home to many intertwined cultures, including the Ñungar, Yamachi, Pincharup, Huilman, and Caneán. In 1611, the Spanish Empire conquered the Ñungar Confederacy, while their principle village on the plains of the Rio Cisne (now Huáchuca City) was fortified and became the capital of the viceroyalty of New Tarragona.
Over the next two centuries, Spain and the Catholic Church transformed Australian society, forcing the indigenous peoples to live in mission towns, spreading Christianity and the Spanish language throughout. With the discovery of rich deposits of gold, silver and tin in Huiluna and Yundamindera, as well as fertile farmland, New Tarragona soon became a principle source of wealth for the Spanish Empire as the mines of South America began to decline. The colonial order came to an end in the late nineteenth century with the War of Independence against Spain.
Huachuca's early history as an independent nation state was marked by political and socioeconomic upheaval, both domestically and in foreign affairs. The Pilbara states shortly seceded from the country. Then an invasion by the Commonwealth as a consequence of the Yundamindera Revolt by Australian settlers led to the Huachucan–Australian War and huge territorial losses in 1896. During the early 20th century, Huachuca suffered chronic instability and civil strife. It was ruled by a series of dictators backed by the Ophir Mining Company and the Commonwealth of Australia. In 1919, authoritarian leader Santiago Elías was overthrown by a pro-democratic military coup, initiating a decade-long revolution that led to sweeping social and economic reforms, including the proclamation of the 1929 Constitution, which remains in effect to this day. [10]
From 1953 to 1969, Huachuca endured a bloody civil war fought between C.A.-backed catholic rebels and the leftist national government.[11][12][13] A peace accord negotiated by the United Nations has resulted in continued economic growth and successful democratic elections, although poverty, crime, drug trafficking, and civil instability remain major issues. Although rich in export goods, around a seventh of the population face food insecurity, which has been worsened by the ongoing food crisis resulting from the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[14]
Huachuca's abundance of biologically significant and unique ecosystems includes many endemic species and contributes to West Australia's designation as a biodiversity hotspot.[15]