User:Red Shogun412/sandbox/Left-wing uprisings against the Bolsheviks
Series of military conflicts / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The left-wing uprisings against the Bolsheviks, known in anarchist literature as the Third Russian Revolution,[1] were a series of rebellions, uprisings, and revolts against the Bolsheviks by oppositional left-wing organizations and groups that started soon after the October Revolution and formation of the Russian SFSR, continued through the years of the Russian Civil War, and lasted into the first years of Bolshevik rule of the Soviet Union. They were led or supported by left-wing groups such as some factions of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, Mensheviks, and anarchists. Generally, the uprisings began in 1918 because of the Bolshevik assault on Soviet democracy, the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (which many saw as giving overly generous concessions to the Central Powers, also seen by some as limiting the revolutionary potential of the workers, soldiers and peasantry outside the Soviet state to rebel against the continuing strife caused by the war), and opposition to Bolshevik socioeconomic policy, namely draconian requisitionist policies of war communism. The Bolsheviks grew increasingly hard-line during the decisive and brutal years following the October Revolution, crushing all remaining opposition to their power. These rebellions and insurrections occurred mostly during and after the Russian Civil War, until around 1924, though there did exist various small-scale insurgencies until World War II.
Left-wing uprisings against the Bolsheviks | |||||||
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Part of the Russian Civil War | |||||||
The 1917 Socialist Revolutionary Party election poster whose caption in red reads партія соц.-рев. (in pre-1918 Russian), short for Party of the Socialist-Revolutionaries; the banner bears the party's motto Russian: Въ борьбѣ обрѣтешь ты право свое ("Through struggle you will attain your rights"); and the globe bears the slogan земля и воля ("land and freedom"), expressing agrarian socialist ideology of the party | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Constituent Assembly[lower-alpha 8] Left SRs[lower-alpha 9] |
The Bolsheviks fought the forces of the pro-Romanov monarchists, reformist Social Democrats, former Imperial Army officers and soldiers in the anti-communist White Armies along with several foreign nations sending in interventionist forces, aid and supplies for the White Armies. Additionally, Soviet Russia invaded multiple newly independent nation states to consolidate Bolshevik power there, and brutally crushed peasant revolts, such as the Tambov Rebellion, using chemical weapons. Despite this, Vladimir Lenin regarded the left-wing opposition as the most threatening the Bolshevik regime faced, describing the Kronstadt rebellion as "undoubtedly more dangerous than Denikin, Yudenich, and Kolchak combined".[2]
Generally speaking, right-wing enemies of the Bolsheviks were fought by the Red Army, because they existed primarily outside the territory it controlled, and left-wing enemies were dealt with by the Cheka secret police, as they were usually within this territory.[3]