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Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a medication, often used to treat pain, fever, and inflammation.[2] Aspirin is also used long-term, at low doses, to help prevent heart attacks, strokes, and blood clot formation in people at high risk of developing blood clots.[3] Low doses of aspirin may be given immediately after a heart attack to prevent clotting and reduce the risk of another heart attack or the death of heart tissue.[4][5] Aspirin may be effective at preventing certain types of cancer, particularly colorectal cancer.[6][7][8]
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Pronunciation | acetylsalicylic acid /əˌsiːtəlˌsæl[invalid input: 'ɨ']ˈsɪl[invalid input: 'ɨ']k/ |
Other names | 2-acetoxybenzoic acid acetylsalicylate acetylsalicylic acid O-acetylsalicylic acid |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a682878 |
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Routes of administration | Most commonly oral, also rectal, lysine acetylsalicylate may be given intravenously or intramuscularly |
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Bioavailability | 80–100%[1] |
Protein binding | 80–90%[2] |
Metabolism | Hepatic, (CYP2C19 and possibly CYP3A), some is also hydrolysed to salicylate in the gut wall.[2] |
Elimination half-life | Dose-dependent; 2–3 hours for low doses, 15–30 hours for large doses.[2] |
Excretion | Urine (80–100%), sweat, saliva, feces[1] |
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Formula | C9H8O4 |
Molar mass | 180.157 g/mol g·mol−1 |
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Density | 1.40 g/cm3 |
Melting point | 135 °C (275 °F) |
Boiling point | 140 °C (284 °F) (decomposes) |
Solubility in water | 3 mg/mL (20 °C) |
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The main side effects of aspirin are gastric ulcers, stomach bleeding[3], and ringing in the ears, especially with higher doses. While daily aspirin can help prevent a clot-related stroke, it may increase risk of a bleeding stroke (hemorrhagic stroke).[9] In children and adolescents, aspirin is not recommended for flu-like symptoms or viral illnesses, because of the risk of Reye's syndrome.[10]