User:Woqq445721624/sandbox
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Title: Stent, bypass graft, and stent-graft in endovascular system
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Stent and graft implantations are a type of treatment for vessels with abnormal sizes in the endovascular system (also known as the circulatory system, cardiovascular system, or vascular system). If the vessel in the system has an abnormal size (much larger or smaller than the vicinity), diseases can be induced such as stenosis and aneurysm.
Stenosis and aneurysm can change the blood flow and cause serious problem. Stenosis induces a portion of the vessel to become much smaller than its vicinity and consequently obstructs the normal blood flow. An aneurysm enlarges the diameter of the vessel and this portion of vessel becomes a big sac, influencing the normal blood flow. Stenosis and aneurysm can appear anywhere in the upper body, such as cerebral arteries, carotid arteries, thoracic arteries, and abdominal aorta.
Nine percent of people over the age of 65 suffer from an abdominal aortic aneurysm[1] and as the aneurysm becomes larger, the possibility of rupture is higher. Statistics from the American Heart Association identify coronary heart diseases as the principal cause of morbidity and mortality in the western world[2][3][4]. It is also reported that 17% of overall deaths in the USA come from cardiovascular disease[5]. Therefore, the treatment of vascular diseases become highly concerned during these two decades.