Joan of Arc
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Joan na Arc (French: Jeanne d'Arc pronounced ['an da'];c. 1412 - 30 ga Mayu 1431) majiɓinciya ce ta Faransa, wanda aka karrama ta a matsayin mai kare ƙasar Faransa saboda rawar da ta taka a kewayen Orléans da kuma dagewarta kan nadin sarautar Charles VII na Faransa a lokacin Yaƙin Shekaru ɗari. Da yake bayyana cewa tana aiki ƙarƙashin divine guidance, ta zama shugabar soja wacce ta wuce matsayin jinsi kuma ta sami karɓuwa a matsayin mai ceton Faransa.
Joan of Arc | |
---|---|
Rayuwa | |
Cikakken suna | unknown value |
Haihuwa | Domrémy-la-Pucelle (en) , 6 ga Janairu, 1412 |
ƙasa | Kingdom of France (en) |
Harshen uwa | Middle French (en) |
Mutuwa | Rouen, 30 Mayu 1431 |
Yanayin mutuwa | hukuncin kisa (death by burning (en) ) |
Killed by | Geoffroy Thérage (en) |
Ƴan uwa | |
Mahaifi | Jacques d'Arc |
Mahaifiya | Isabelle Romée |
Ahali | Catherine d'Arc (en) , Jacques of Arc (en) , Jean d'Arc (en) da Pierre d'Arc (en) |
Karatu | |
Harsuna |
Middle French (en) Faransanci |
Sana'a | |
Sana'a | soja |
Kyaututtuka |
gani
|
Feast | |
May 30 (en) | |
Aikin soja | |
Ya faɗaci |
Hundred Years' War (en) Siege of Orléans (en) Battle of Jargeau (en) Battle of Meung-sur-Loire (en) Battle of Beaugency (en) Battle of Patay (en) March to Reims (en) Siege of Paris (en) Siege of Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier (en) Siege of La Charité (en) Siege of Compiègne (en) |
Imani | |
Addini | Cocin katolika |
An haifi Joan ga wani ƙwararrun dangin ƙauye a Domrémy a arewa maso gabashin Faransa. A cikin karni na 1428, ta nemi a kai ta wurin Charles, daga baya ta shaida cewa wahayi daga mala'ika Michael, Saint Margaret, da Saint Catherine ya jagorance ta don taimaka masa ya ceci Faransa daga mamayar Ingilishi.
Da yake da tabbacin sadaukarwarta da tsarkinta, Charles ya aika Joan, mai kimanin shekara goma sha bakwai, zuwa ga kewayen Orléans a matsayin wani ɓangare na sojojin agaji. Ta isa birnin a watan Afrilun 1429, tana riƙe da tutarta da kuma ba da bege ga sojojin Faransa masu rauni. Bayan kwana tara da zuwanta, turawan Ingila suka watsar da kewayenta. Joan ya ƙarfafa Faransanci don yin fushi da Ingilishi a lokacin yakin Loire, wanda ya ƙare a wani gagarumin nasara a Patay, yana buɗe hanya ga sojojin Faransa don ci gaba a Reims ba tare da hamayya ba, inda Charles aka nada a matsayin Sarkin Faransa tare da Joan a gefensa. Waɗannan nasarorin sun karawa Faransa kwarin gwiwa, inda suka share fagen nasararsu ta karshe a yakin shekaru dari bayan shekaru da dama.
Bayan naɗin sarauta na Charles, Joan ta shiga cikin rashin nasara a kewayen Paris a watan Satumba na 1429 da kuma gazawar La Charité a watan Nuwamba. Gudunmawar da ta yi a wadannan kaye-kaye ya rage imanin kotun a gare ta. A farkon shekara ta 1430, Joan ta shirya ƙungiyar masu ba da agaji don taimaka wa Compiègne, wanda Burgundians—abokan Faransanci na Ingilishi suka kewaye. Sojojin Burgundian sun kama ta a ranar 23 ga watan Mayu. Bayan kokarin tserewa bai yi nasara ba, an mika ta ga turawan Ingila a watan Nuwamba. Bishop Pierre Cauchon ya gabatar da ita a gaban shari'a a kan zargin karkatacciya, wanda ya hada da saɓo ta hanyar sa tufafin maza, yin aiki a kan wahayin da ke da aljanu, da ƙin ƙaddamar da maganganunta da ayyukanta ga hukuncin ikkilisiya. An bayyana ta da laifi kuma an kone ta a kan gungumen azaba a ranar 30 ga watan Mayun 1431, tana da kimanin shekaru goma sha tara.
A shekara ta 1456, wata kotun bincike ta sake bincikar shari’ar Joan kuma ta soke hukuncin, ta bayyana cewa yaudara da kurakuran tsari ne suka gurɓata shi. An girmama Joan a matsayin shahidi, kuma ana kallonta a matsayin 'yar cocin Roman Katolika mai biyayya, farkon mata, kuma alamar 'yanci da 'yancin kai. Bayan juyin juya halin Faransa, ta zama alamar ƙasa ta Faransa. A cikin shekarar 1920, Cocin Roman Katolika ta ba da sunan Joan na Arc kuma, bayan shekaru biyu, an ayyanata ɗaya daga cikin tsarkakan Faransa. An nuna ta a cikin ayyukan al'adu da yawa, ciki har da wallafe-wallafe, zane-zane, sassakaki, da kiɗa.