利用者:Hegyi János/Hungarian Revolution of 1956
ウィキペディア フリーな encyclopedia
The Hungarian Revolution[3] of 1956 was a spontaneous nationwide revolt against the Communist government of Hungary and its Soviet-imposed policies, lasting from October 23 until November 10,1956. It began as a student demonstration which attracted thousands as it marched through central Budapest to the Parliament building. A student delegation entering the radio building in an attempt to broadcast their demands was detained. When the delegation's release was demanded by the demonstrators outside, they were fired upon by the State Security Police (ÁVH) from within the building. The news spread quickly and disorder and violence erupted throughout the capital.
Hungarian Revolution of 1956 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
the Cold War中 | |||||||||
Hungarians inspecting a captured Soviet T-34-85 tank in Budapest Hungarians inspecting a captured Soviet tank in Budapest | |||||||||
| |||||||||
衝突した勢力 | |||||||||
Soviet Union; ÁVH (Hungarian State Security Police) | Ad hoc local Hungarian militias | ||||||||
指揮官 | |||||||||
Ivan Konev | Various independent militia leaders | ||||||||
戦力 | |||||||||
150,000 troops, 6,000 tanks | Unknown number of militia and soldiers | ||||||||
被害者数 | |||||||||
722 killed, 1,251 wounded[1] |
2,500 killed 13,000 wounded[2] |
The revolt spread quickly across Hungary, and the government fell. Thousands organized into militias, battling the State Security Police (ÁVH) and Soviet troops. Pro-Soviet communists and ÁVH members were often executed or imprisoned, as former prisoners were released and armed. Impromptu councils wrested municipal control from the communist party, and demanded political changes. The new government formally disbanded the ÁVH, declared its intention to withdraw from the Warsaw Pact and pledged to re-establish free elections. By the end of October, fighting had almost stopped and a sense of normality began to return.
After announcing a willingness to negotiate a withdrawal of Soviet forces, the Politburo changed its mind and moved to crush the revolution. On November 4, a large Soviet force invaded Budapest, killing thousands of civilians. Organized resistance ceased by November 10, and mass arrests began. An estimated 200,000 Hungarians fled as refugees. By January 1957, the new Soviet-installed government had suppressed all public opposition. These Soviet actions alienated many Western Marxists, yet strengthened Soviet control over Central Europe, cultivating the perception that communism was both irreversible and monolithic.
ハンガリーにおいて、公衆の場でのこの革命についての議論は、30年以上にわたって弾圧されてきたが、1980年代の緊張緩和以降は激しい研究と議論の対象となった。1989年のハンガリー第三共和国の宣言にともない、10月23日は国の祝日となった。 Public discussion about this revolution was suppressed in Hungary for over 30 years, but since the thaw of the 1980s it has been a subject of intense study and debate. At the inauguration of the Third Hungarian Republic in 1989, October 23 was declared a national holiday.