Virusi itera SIDA/SIDA
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Virusi itera SIDA ni agakoko kambura umubiri ubudahangarwa. Virusi ya SIDA ica umubiri intege ikawambura ubudahangarwa maze igatera ubwandu bw’indwara. Iyo itavuwe hakiri kare Virusi itera SIDA itera indwara zitandukanye bikarangwa no gucika intege k’umubiri ku buryo uba utakibasha guhangana n’indwara ari nabwo umurwayi bivugwa ko arwaye SIDA. Abantu banduye virusi itera SIDA iyo nta miti bafata igabanya ubukana bwayo bashobora kumara imyaka itatu gusa. Iyo umuntu yanduye virusi itera SIDA afashwe n’izindi ndwara z'ibyuririzi kandi nta miti igabanya ubukana anywa, icyizere cy’ubuzima ni umwaka umwe. Abantu banduye virusi itera SIDA baba bagomba gufata imiti kugira ngo bakumire gupfa vuba. Nyuma yo kwandura kwambere umuntu ashobora kutabona ibimenyetso byayo, cyangwa ashobora guhura nigihe gito cyindwara zimeze nk'ibicurane (grippe). Ubusanzwe, ibi bikurikirwa nigihe kirekire nta bimenyetso byigaragaza. Iyo ubwandu bugenda bwiyongera mu mubiri, bubangamira cyane ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, bikongera ibyago byo kwandura indwara zisanzwe nk'igituntu, kimwe n'izindi ndwara zibasira umubiri mu buryo butunguranye, ndetse n'ibibyimba bitamenyerewe ku bantu basanzwe bafite ubudahangarwa buhagije mu mubiri wabo. Ibi bimenyetso byigaragaza nyuma yaho ari nabyo bikomeye nibyo bituma umurwayi bivugwa ko yanduye SIDA kenshi bigaragazwa cyane no gutakaza ibiro byinshi kuburyo bugaragarira ijisho.
HIV/AIDS | |
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Other names | HIV disease, HIV infection[1][2] |
The red ribbon is a symbol for solidarity with HIV-positive people and those living with AIDS.[3] | |
Specialty | Infectious disease, immunology |
Symptoms | Early: Flu-like illness[4] Later: Large lymph nodes, fever, weight loss[4] |
Complications | Opportunistic infections, tumors[4] |
Duration | Lifelong[4] |
Causes | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)[4] |
Risk factors | Exposure to blood, breast milk, sex[4] |
Diagnostic method | Blood tests[4] |
Prevention | Safe sex, needle exchange, male circumcision, pre-exposure prophylaxis, post-exposure prophylaxis[4] |
Treatment | Antiretroviral therapy[4] |
Prognosis | Near normal life expectancy with treatment[5][6] 11 years life expectancy without treatment[7] |
Frequency | 1.7 million new cases (2018)[8] 37.9 million living with HIV (2018)[8] |
Deaths | 770,000 (2018)[8] |
Virusi itera SIDA | |
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Other names | Indwara ya SIDA, ubwandu bw'agakoko gatera SIDA[1][2] |
The [riba itukura#ikimenyetso cyo gushishikariza no kumenyekekanisha cy'umwimerera ku ndwara ya SIDA|riba itukura]] ni riba itukura|ikimenyetsol cyo kugaragaza ubufatanye nishyaka hamwe n'abanduye SIDA ndetse n'ababana n'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA.[9] | |
Specialty | Indwara zandura, Ubumenyi bujyanye n'ubudahangarwa bwo mu muburi |
Symptoms | Mu ikubitiro: Kurwaragurika bisa nk'ibicurani bihoraho[4] Nyuma: kwaguka kutunyabuzima turinda indwara mu mubiri tubyimba mu myanya yo mu mabinga no mu kwaha, guhinda umuriro nkurwaye umushwiza, guta ibiro byinshi mu buryo butunguranye[4] |
Complications | Indwara z'ibyuririzis, ibibyimba[4] |
Duration | Ubuzima buramba[4] |
Causes | Virusi Itera SIDA (HIV)[4] |
Risk factors | Kwandura biciye mu maraso, amashereka n'imibonano [4] |
Diagnostic method | Gusuzuma no gupima amaraso[4] |
Prevention | Imibonano ikingiye, gusangira inshinge, gusilamura, imiti irinda ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA mbere yo gukeka ko wayandujwe - prophylaxis, imiti irinda ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA nyuma yo gukeka ko wayandujwe prophylaxis[4] |
Treatment | Imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA n'ubuvuzi bwayo[4] |
Prognosis | Kubaho nk'abandi bantu bazima iyo wisuzumishije ugafata n'imiti igabanya ubukana[5][6] Imyaka 11 yo kubaho iyo umuntu adafata imiti[7] |
Frequency | Miliyoni 1.7 z'abanduye bashya (2018)[8] Miliyoni 37.9 zabantu babana n'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA (2018)[8] |
Deaths | 770,000 (2018)[8] |
Virusi itera SIDA ikwirakwizwa cyane cyane n'imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye (harimo n'ibikorwa byo gutingana bashyira ibitsina mu kibuno nababishyira mu kanwa ku bahuje ibitsina), guterwa amaraso yanduye, inshinge zikoreshwa kwa muganga batera imiti mu mubiri w'umurwayi, umubyeyi utwite akaba yayanduza umwana atwite iyo adafashe imiti ku gihe, iyo umubyeyi abyaye, cyangwa binyuze mu konsa. Amatembabuzi asanzwe nk'amacandwe, ibyuya n'amarira, ntabwo byanduza virusi itera SIDA. Virusi itera sida ni imwe muri za virus zibarizwa mu itsinda ry'amavirusi azwi ku izina rya "retrovirus".
Uburyo bwo kwirinda virusi itera SIDA burimo imibonano mpuzabitsina ikingiye, gahunda zo gukoresha neza inshinge zujuje ubuziranenge, kuvura abanduye, hamwe no gukoresha imiti nka "prophylaxis" mbere na nyuma yo gukora iminonano mpuza bitsina idakingiye. Iyo ari umwana uvutse yanduye virusi itera SIDA we na nyina umubyara bahabwa imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA. Nta muti cyangwa urukingo rwa virusi itera SIDA ruhari; ariko, imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA ishobora gutuma umuntu abaho igihe kirekire byenda kungana kimwe nk'abantu basanzwe bazima batayanduye. Nibyiza gutangira gufata imiti no kwivuza no kwisuzumisha buri gihe ukimara kumenya ko wanduye. Hatabayeho kuvurwa, impuzandengo yo kubaho nyuma yo kwandura ni imyaka 11.
Muri 2018, abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 37.9 babanaga na virusi itera SIDA bituma hapfa abantu 770.000. Abagera kuri miliyoni 20.6 muri bo baba mu burasirazuba no mu majyepfo ya Afurika. Hagati y'igihe SIDA yamenyekanye (mu ntangiriro ya za 1980) na 2018, iyi ndwara yateje urupfu rw'abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 32 ku isi hose. Virusi itera SIDA ifatwa nk'icyorezo - icyorezo cy’indwara kiboneka ahantu hanini kandi kigenda gikwirakwira.
Virusi itera sida yavuye mu zindi nyamaswa yerekeza ku bantu bo muri Afurika yo mu burengerazuba bwo hagati mu ntangiriro kugeza no hagati mu kinyejana cya 20. Ubwandu bwa SIDA bwamenyekanye bwa mbere n’ikigo cya Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC) mu 1981 kandi hamenyekana igitera SIDA - ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA - byagaragajwe mu ntangiriro y’imyaka icumi ya mbere y'uwo mwaka.
Virusi itera SIDA yagize uruhare runini muri sosiyete, iba indwara ndetse n'isoko y'ivangura. Iyi ndwara kandi igira ingaruka zikomeye mu bukungu. Hariho imyumvire myinshi itavugwaho rumwe ku birebana na Virusi itera SIDA, nko kwizera ko yanduzwa gusa no guhuza ibitsina mu buryo busanzwe. Iyi ndwara yateje impaka nyinshi mu banyamadini, harimo n’umwanya wa Kiliziya Gatolika yo kudashyigikira ikoreshwa ry’agakingirizo mu rwego rwo kuyirinda. Yatumye habaho ubuvuzi budasanzwe ku rwego rwa kiganga, ku rwego mpuza mahanga ndetse igenerwa n'inkunga nyinshi zitandukanye kuva yamenyekana mu myaka ya za 1980.