ChiTumbuka
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
ChiTumbuka ntchiyowoyero cha ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wachi Bantu icho chikuyowoyeka mu Malaŵi, Zambia, na Tanzania.[2] Lizgu ili likumanyikwaso kuti Chitumbuka panji Citumbuka. Chi- icho chili kunthazi kwa Tumbuka chikung'anamura "mu nthowa ya", ndipo apa likung'anamura "chiyowoyero cha ŵanthu ŵa Tumbuka". ChiTumbuka chili mu chiyowoyero chimoza na Chichewa na Sena.[3]
ChiTumbuka | |
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Chitumbuka | |
Native to | Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia |
Native speakers | 7 miliyoni (2022) |
Language family | Niger–Congo?
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Writing system |
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Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-2 | tum |
ISO 639-3 | tum |
Glottolog | tumb1250 |
Guthrie code | N.21 [1] |
Linguasphere | 99-AUS-wc (+ chi-Kamanga) |
Buku linyake (The World Almanac) likuti mu charu ichi muli ŵanthu pafupifupi 2,080,000. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuyowoya Chitumbuka, nangauli ŵanyake ŵakuti ŵalipo ŵachoko chomene. Ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakuyowoya Chitumbuka ŵakukhala mu Malaŵi.[2] ChiTumbuka ndicho chikuyowoyeka chomene kumpoto kwa Malawi, chomenechomene mu vigaŵa vya Rumphi, Mzuzu, na Mzimba.[4]
Pali mphambano yikuru pakati pa ciyowoyero ca chiTumbuka ico cikuyowoyeka mu misumba ya ku Malawi (ico cili na mazgu ghanyake kufuma ku Ciswahili na Chichewa) na ciyowoyero ca chiTumbuka ico cikuyowoyeka mu mizi. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuwona kuti chiyowoyero cha Rumphi ndicho ntchakutowa chomene.[5] Chiyowoyero cha ku Mzimba chikakhwaskika chomene na chiNgoni (Zulu).
Kwamba kale, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuyowoya Chitumbuka na Chichewa. Ndipouli, ciyowoyero ca Tumbuka cikasuzgika comene mu nyengo ya muwuso wa Pulezidenti Hastings Kamuzu Banda, cifukwa mu 1968 cifukwa ca fundo yake yakuti paŵe mtundu umoza na ciyowoyero cimoza, ciyowoyero ici cikaleka kuŵa ca boma mu Malawi. Ntheura, mu masukulu, pa wayilesi, na mu manyuzipepara ŵakafumiskamo ciyowoyero ici.[6] Mu 1994, apo boma la Tumbuka likamba kulamulira na vipani vinandi, ŵakambaso kutegherezga maungano gha pa wayilesi. Kweni mabuku na mabuku ghanyake ghakaŵa ghanandi yayi.[7]