حروف صحیح |
IPA | پنین | انگریزین تقریبا |
ɕ |
x |
she |
f |
f |
fan |
j |
y-, -i- |
you |
k |
g |
skim |
kʰ |
k |
cup |
l |
l |
leaf |
m |
m |
moon |
n |
n-, -n |
noon |
ŋ |
-ng |
song |
p |
b |
span |
pʰ |
p |
pan |
ɻ |
-r |
area (ends syllable) |
s |
s |
see |
ʂ |
sh |
show; Russian Ш Polish SZ |
t |
d |
stand |
tʰ |
t |
tan |
tɕ |
j |
itchy |
tɕʰ |
q |
cheer |
ts |
z |
pizza |
tsʰ |
c |
tsunami (with t pronounced) |
tʂ |
zh |
pitcher |
tʂʰ |
ch |
church |
w |
w-, -u- |
water |
x |
h |
loch (Scottish English) |
ɥ |
yu-, -ü-[lower-alpha 1] |
(simultaneous y and w); French nuit |
ʐ |
r- |
pleasure; Russian Ж Polish Ż, RZ |
|
حروف علت |
IPA | پنین | انگریزین تقریبا |
a |
a (a, an) |
roughly like cat |
ɑ |
a (ang), e (er) |
car |
ɛ |
e (ye), a (yan, yuan, ian) |
yes |
œ |
e (yue) |
roughly like bird; German ö |
ə |
e (en[lower-alpha 2]) |
about |
ɤ |
e (eng) |
roughly like Am.eng. sir |
i |
yi/-i (yi, yin, ying) |
see |
ɨ |
i (si, zi, ci, shi, zhi, chi, ri) |
glasses[lower-alpha 3] |
ɔ |
o (wo, bo, po, mo, fo) |
war |
u |
wu/-u |
shoe |
ʊ |
o (ong) |
hook |
y |
yu/-ü[lower-alpha 1] (yu, yun) |
somewhat like few; French tu |
ادغام |
aɪ |
ai |
bye |
ɑʊ |
ao |
now |
eɪ |
ei[lower-alpha 2] |
day |
oʊ |
ou[lower-alpha 2] |
no |
انفی حروف علت
[lower-alpha 4] |
ɑ̃ |
ang (angr) |
roughly like croissant |
ə̃ |
eng (engr) |
roughly like uh-huh |
ʊ̃ |
ong (ongr) |
roughly like own |
لب و لہجه |
بین الاقوامی اصواتی ابجدیہ |
پنین |
تفصیل |
ǎ ɤ̌ |
á, é |
mid rising: ˧˥ |
â ɤ̂ |
à, è |
high falling: ˥˩ |
á ɤ́ |
ā, ē |
high: ˥ |
à, ɤ̀ |
ǎ, ě |
medially, low: ˩ initially, mid falling: ˧˩ finally, low rising: ˩˧ in isolation, dipping: ˧˩˧ |
a, ɤ |
a, e |
"toneless": low after the high falling tone ˥˩ and the high tone ˥ ; mid after all other tones |
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