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學習型機構(Learning organization),或称 学习型组织,是指企业透过“组织学习”实现员工知识更新和保持企业创新能力理论和实践。企业通过学习型组织试图使员工获得个人价值得以体现的满足,并使组织绩效得到提高。
最早涉及学习型组织的一些概念是由哈佛大学的阿吉瑞斯(Chris Argyris)和舍恩(D.A.Schon)在1970年代提出的。1978年,两人合作发表了 专著《组织学习:一种行动透视理论》。 引发众多的世界级公司尝试在企业内部推广和建立学习型组织。1990年,麻省理工学院的彼得·聖吉出版《第五项修練》,对这一理论进行了更全面的阐述和推广。 彼得·聖吉提出了「五項修練」不斷的終身學習,以提升企業的競爭力:
- 第一項修練:自我超越(Personal Mastery)
- 第二項修練:改善心智模式(Improving Mental Models)
- 第三項修練:建立共同願景(Building Shared Vision)
- 第四項修練:團隊學習(Teaming Learning)
- 第五項修練:系統思考(Systems Thinking)
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