Help:爱尔兰语国际音标
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下列图表展示了國際音標(IPA)在维基百科条目中表示愛爾蘭語发音的方式。对于有关在维基百科条目中添加IPA字符的指南,请参见{{IPA-ga}}、{{IPAc-ga}}与Wikipedia:格式手册/音标 § Notes。
這頁是維基百科的爱尔兰语国际音标發音指南。 |
请参阅爱尔兰语音系以更全面地了解爱尔兰语的发音。
图表
更多信息 宽辅音, 窄辅音 ...
宽辅音 | 窄辅音 | ||||
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IPA | 示例 | 英语及其他语言中的近似发音 | IPA | 示例 | 英语中的近似发音 |
bˠ | bain, scuab | boot | bʲ | béal, cnáib | beautiful |
d̪ˠ | dorn, nead | do (但是为齿音), though (爱尔兰英语) | dʲ | dearg, cuid | media |
fˠ | fós, graf, pholl | fool | fʲ | fíon, stuif, phríosún | fuel |
ɡ | gasúr, bog | goose | ɟ | geata, carraig | argue |
ɣ | dhorn, ghasúr | 西班牙语 higo | j[2] | dhearg, gheata | yellow |
h[3] | Shasana, shean, thaisce, theanga, hata, na héisc | hand | 不適用 | ||
k | cáis, mac | cart | c | ceist, mic | cube |
l̪ˠ[4] | labhair, balla | filth | l̠ʲ[4] | leabhair, goilleadh | million |
lˠ[4] | fhlaith, bealach | pool | lʲ[4] | fhleasc, goile | leaf |
mˠ | mór, am | moot | mʲ | milis, im | mute |
n̪ˠ[5] | naoi, donna | tenth | n̠ʲ[5] | ní, bainne | inch |
nˠ[5] | dona | noon | nʲ[5] | bainis | opinion |
ŋ | ngasúr | long | ɲ | ngeata | angular |
pˠ | poll, stop | poor | pʲ | príosún, truip | pure |
ɾˠ | barr, carr | rule (但是为闪音) | ɾʲ | fhréamh, tirim | real (但是为闪音) |
sˠ | Sasana, tús, speal | soon | ʃ | sean, cáis | sheet |
t̪ˠ | taisce, ceart | tool (但是为齿音), thorn (爱尔兰英语) | tʲ | tír, beirt | tune (非yod脱落(英语:英语复辅音音系史)口音) |
w[6] | bhain, dubh, mhór, léamh, vóta | wood 或 voodoo | vʲ | bhéal, sibh, mhilis, nimh, veidhlín | view |
x | cháis, taoiseach | loch (蘇格蘭英語) | ç | cheist, deich, theann, theocht, thiúilip, thiocfadh, thiubh | hue (pronounced strongly) |
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更多信息 IPA, 示例 ...
IPA | 示例 | 英语中的近似发音 | IPA | 示例 | 英语中的近似发音 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | mac | trap | aː | tá | father |
ɛ | ceist | best | eː | mé, gael | pay |
ɪ | ith, duine | kit | iː | mín, naoi | mean |
ɔ | olc, deoch | core | oː | bó, ceol | roll |
ʊ | dubh, fliuch | good | uː | tú | too |
ə | solas, milis | sofa | 不適用 |
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更多信息 IPA, 示例 ...
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更多信息 IPA, 解释 ...
IPA | 解释 |
---|---|
ˈ | 主重音 (置于重读音节前); 通常为第一个音节,芒斯特方言(英语:Munster Irish)除外 |
ˌ | 次重音 (通常只在合成词中) |
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各类音标系统比较
各类资料中使用的音标系统会与维基百科有出入。例如,长期以来的传统是不标记軟腭化(“宽”)辅音,但用角分符号标记腭化(“窄”)辅音,但这不是标准的IPA用法。
本节将维基百科使用的IPA系统(基于Ailbhe Ní Chasaide在《国际语音学学会手册》 (ISBN 0-521-63751-1) 中对爱尔兰语的描述)与其他资料中使用的音标系统进行比较。
更多信息 IPA, Ní Chasaide (1999)[8] (Gweedore) ...
IPA | Ní Chasaide (1999)[8] (Gweedore) |
Quiggin (1906)[9] (Glenties) |
Breatnach (1947)[10] (Ring) |
Ó Sé (2000)[11] (Dingle Peninsula) |
Mhac an Fhailigh (1968)[12] (Erris) |
Ó Siadhail (1988)[13] (Cois Fharraige) |
Foclóir Póca (1993)[14] (Lárchanúint) |
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a | a | æ, α | a | a | a | æ:, a: | a |
aː | æ | α: | a: | ɑː | a: | ɑ: | a: |
bˠ | bˠ | b | b | b | b | b | b |
bʲ | bʲ | b′ | b′ | b′ | b′ | b′ | b′ |
c | c | k′ | k′ | k′ | k′ | k′ | k′ |
ç | ç | ç | ç | x′ | ç | x′ | x′ |
d̪ˠ | d̪ˠ | d | d | d | d | d | d |
dʲ | d̠ʲ | d′ | d′ | d′ | d′ | d′ | d′ |
eː | e | e: | e: | eː | e: | e: | e: |
ɛ | ɛ | ɛ, e | e | e | e | e | e |
ə | ə | ə | ə | ə, ɪ | ə | ə | ə |
əi | — | αi | əi | ai | əi | ai | ai |
əu | au | αu | əu | ou | əu | au | au |
fˠ | fˠ | f | f | f | f | f | f |
fʲ | fʲ | f′ | f′ | f′ | f′ | f′ | f′ |
ɡ | ɡ | g | g | ɡ | g | g | g |
ɣ | ɣ | ℊ | γ | ɣ | ɣ | ɣ | γ |
h | h | h | h, h′ | h | h | h | h |
iː | i | i: | i: | iː | i: | i: | i: |
ɪ | ɪ | ï, i, y | i | i | i | i | i |
iə | ia | iə | iə | iːə | iə | i:ə | iə |
j | j | j | j | ɣ′ | j | ɣ′ | γ′ |
ɟ | ɟ | g′ | g′ | ɡ′ | g′ | g′ | g′ |
k | k | k | k | k | k | k | k |
l̪ˠ | l̪ˠ | L | l | l | L | L | l |
lˠ | l | l | |||||
l̠ʲ | l̠ʲ | L′ | l′ | l′ | L′ | L′ | l′ |
lʲ | l | l′ | l′ | l′ | |||
mˠ | mˠ | m | m | m | m | m | m |
mʲ | mʲ | m′ | m′ | m′ | m′ | m′ | m′ |
n̪ˠ | n̪ˠ | N | n | n | N | N | n |
nˠ | n | n | n | ||||
n̠ʲ | n̠ʲ | N′ | n′ | n′ | N′ | N′ | n′ |
nʲ | n′ | n′ | n′ | ||||
ɲ | ɲ | ɲ | ŋ′ | ŋ′ | ŋ′ | ŋ′ | ŋ′ |
ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ | ŋ |
oː | o | o:, ɔ: | o: | oː | o: | o: | o: |
ɔ | ʌ | ɔ, o̤ | o | o | o | o | o |
pˠ | pˠ | p | p | p | p | p | p |
pʲ | pʲ | p′ | p′ | p′ | p′ | p′ | p′ |
ɾˠ | ɾˠ | r, R | r | r | r | r | r |
ɾʲ | ɾʲ | r′ | r′ | r′ | r′ | r′ | r′ |
sˠ | sˠ | s | s | s | s | s | s |
ʃ | ɕ | ʃ | ʃ | ʃ | ʃ | s′ | s′ |
t̪ˠ | t̪ˠ | t | t | t | t | t | t |
tʲ | t̠ʲ | t′ | t′ | t′ | t′ | t′ | t′ |
uː | u | u: | u: | uː | u: | u: | u: |
ʊ | ɤ | U | u | u | u | u | u |
uə | ua | uə | uə | uːə | uə | u:ə | uə |
vʲ | vʲ | v | v′ | v′ | v′ | w′ | v′ |
w | w | w | v | v | w | w | v |
x | x | χ | x | x | x | x | x |
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注释
- Irish makes contrasts between velarized ("broad") and palatalized ("slender") consonants. Velarized consonants, denoted in the IPA by a superscript ‹ˠ› (that is not a capital Y but a Latin letter, based on a Greek lowercase gamma, ‹γ›), are pronounced with the back of the tongue raised toward the velum, which happens to the /l/ in English pill in some accents like RP and General American but not Hiberno-English. In Irish orthography, broad consonants are surrounded by the letters ‹a›, ‹o›, ‹u›. Slender consonants, denoted in the IPA by a superscript ‹ʲ›, are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward the hard palate like the articulation of the ‹y› sound in yes. In Irish orthography, slender consonants are surrounded by the letters ‹e› and ‹i›.
- /h/ is neither broad nor slender.
- [w~βˠ~vˠ] depending on dialect and position.
- Ní Chasaide, Ailbhe. Irish (PDF). Handbook of the International Phonetic Association. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1999: 111–116. ISBN 0-521-63751-1.
- Quiggin, E. C. A Dialect of Donegal: Being the Speech of Meenawannia in the Parish of Glenties. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1906.
- Breatnach, Risteard B. The Irish of Ring, Co. Waterford. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. 1947. ISBN 0-901282-50-2.
- Ó Sé, Diarmuid. Gaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne. Dublin: Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann. 2000. ISBN 0-946452-97-0 (Irish). 引文格式1维护:未识别语文类型 (link)
- Mhac an Fhailigh, Éamonn. The Irish of Erris, Co. Mayo. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. 1968. ISBN 0-901282-02-2.
- Ó Siadhail, Mícheál. Learning Irish: An Introductory Self-tutor. New Haven: Yale University Press. 1988. ISBN 0-300-04224-8.
- Foclóir póca: English-Irish/Irish-English dictionary. Dublin: An Gúm. 1993. ISBN 1-85791-047-8.
外部链接
- Irish Phonetic Transcription Converter—Free Online Tool to convert Irish Text to IPA Phonetic Transcription