Arthur Cayley
English mathematician (1821–1895) / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Arthur Cayley FRS (/ˈkeɪli/; 16 August 1821 – 26 January 1895) was a British mathematician who worked mostly on algebra. He helped found the modern British school of pure mathematics.
Arthur Cayley | |
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Born | (1821-08-16)16 August 1821 |
Died | 26 January 1895(1895-01-26) (aged 73) Cambridge, England |
Education | King's College School |
Alma mater | Trinity College, Cambridge (BA, 1842) |
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Scientific career | |
Fields | Mathematics |
Institutions | Trinity College, Cambridge |
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Notable students | |
As a child, Cayley enjoyed solving complex maths problems for amusement. He entered Trinity College, Cambridge, where he excelled in Greek, French, German, and Italian, as well as mathematics. He worked as a lawyer for 14 years.
He postulated what is now known as the Cayley–Hamilton theorem—that every square matrix is a root of its own characteristic polynomial, and verified it for matrices of order 2 and 3.[1] He was the first to define the concept of a group in the modern way—as a set with a binary operation satisfying certain laws.[2] Formerly, when mathematicians spoke of "groups", they had meant permutation groups. Cayley tables and Cayley graphs as well as Cayley's theorem are named in honour of Cayley.