Global apartheid
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Global apartheid is a term used to describe how Global North countries are engaged in a project of "racialization, segregation, political intervention, mobility controls, capitalist plunder, and labor exploitation" affecting people from the Global South. Proponents of the concept argue that a close examination of the global system reveals it to be a kind of apartheid writ large with striking resemblance to the system of racial segregation in South Africa from 1948 to 1994, but based on borders and national sovereignty.[1]
The concept of global apartheid has been developed by many researchers, including Titus Alexander,[2] Bruno Amoroso,[3] Patrick Bond,[4] Gernot Kohler,[5] Arjun Makhijiani,[6] Ali Mazuri,[7][8] Vandana Shiva,[9] Anthony H. Richmond,[10] Joseph Nevins,[11] Muhammed Asadi,[12] Gustav Fridolin,[13] and many others. More recent references are in Falk's Re-Framing the International,[14] Amoroso's Global apartheid: globalisation, economic marginalisation, political destabilisation,[15] Peterson's A Critical Rewriting of Global Political Economy,[16] Jones's Crimes Against Humanity: A Beginner's Guide[17] and Global Human Smuggling by Kyle and Koslowski,[18] and New Social Movements in the African Diaspora: Challenging Global Apartheid.[19] and Bosak's Kairos, Crisis, and Global Apartheid[20]