Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane
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Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane, also called HNIW and CL-20, is a polycyclic nitroamine explosive with the formula C6H6N12O12. In the 1980s, CL-20 was developed by the China Lake facility, primarily to be used in propellants.[1] It has a better oxidizer-to-fuel ratio than conventional HMX or RDX. It releases 20% more energy than traditional HMX-based propellants.
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Names | |||
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IUPAC name
2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo[5.5.0.03,11.05,9]dodecane | |||
Other names
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Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol) |
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Abbreviations | CL-20, HNIW | ||
ChEBI | |||
ChemSpider | |||
ECHA InfoCard | 100.114.169 | ||
PubChem CID |
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UNII | |||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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Properties | |||
C 6N 12H 6O 12 | |||
Molar mass | 438.1850 g mol−1 | ||
Density | 2.044 g cm−3 | ||
Explosive data | |||
Detonation velocity | 9,500 m/s | ||
RE factor | 1.9 | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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While most development of CL-20 has been fielded by the Thiokol Corporation, the US Navy (through ONR) has also been interested in CL-20 for use in rocket propellants, such as for missiles, as it has lower observability characteristics such as less visible smoke.[2]
Thus far, CL-20 has only been used in the AeroVironment Switchblade 300 “kamikaze” drone, but is undergoing testing for use in the Lockheed Martin [LMT] AGM-158C Long Range Anti-Ship Missile (LRASM) and AGM-158B Joint Air-to-Surface Standoff Missile-Extended Range (JASSM-ER).[3]
The Indian Armed Forces have also looked into CL-20.[4]