List of local anesthetics
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This is a list of local anesthetic agents. Not all of these drugs are still used in clinical practice and in research. Some are primarily of historical interest.
More information Drug, Other common names ...
Drug | Other common names | Image | First synthesis | Dates of clinical use | Chemical/structural class | Duration of effect | ||||
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amylocaine | Stovaine | 1904 (Ernest Fourneau) | ester- benzoic
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ambucaine | [1] | diester - aminosalicylic | ||||||||
articaine | Astracaine, Septanest, Septocaine, Ultracaine, Zorcaine | Amide | ||||||||
benzocaine | Anbesol, Orajel | Ester - Aminobenzoic | Short | |||||||
benzonatate | Tessalon | |||||||||
bupivacaine | Marcaine, Sensorcaine, Vivacaine | 1957 (Ekenstam) | 1963 (Widman and Telivuo) | Amide | Moderate | |||||
butacaine | ester- aminobenzoic | |||||||||
butanilicaine | Amide | |||||||||
chloroprocaine | Nesacaine | Ester - Aminobenzoic | ||||||||
cinchocaine (INN) | dibucaine (USAN), Cincain, Cinchocaine, Nupercainal, Nupercaine, Sovcaine | 1925 (Meischer) | 1930 (Uhlmann) | Ester - Aminobenzoic | ||||||
cocaine | 1855 (first isolation by Friedrich Gaedcke), 1898 (first synthesis by Richard Willstätter) | 1884 (Karl Koller, William Stewart Halsted) | Ester - Benzoic | |||||||
cyclomethycaine | [2] | Ester - hydroxybenzoic | ||||||||
dibucaine | [3] | Amide | ||||||||
diperodon | [4][5] | |||||||||
dimethocaine | larocaine | |||||||||
eucaine | α-Eucaine, β-eucaine |
|
1900. α[6] β[7][8] | |||||||
etidocaine | Duranest | 1971 (Takman) | 1972 (Lund) | |||||||
hexylcaine | Cyclaine, Osmocaine | |||||||||
fomocaine | [9] | ester - phenyl | ||||||||
fotocaine | [9] | |||||||||
hydroxyprocaine | [10] | ester - aminosalicylic | ||||||||
isobucaine | [11] | Ester - benzoic | ||||||||
levobupivacaine | Chirocaine | 1990s (Mather and Tucker) | 1995 | |||||||
lidocaine[12][13]
(lignocaine) |
Xylocaine | 1943 (Nils Löfgren and Bengt Lundqvist) | 1947 (Torsten Gordh) | |||||||
mepivacaine | Carbocaine, Polocaine | 1956 (Ekenstam and Egner) | 1957 (Dhuner) | |||||||
meprylcaine | Epirocain | |||||||||
metabutoxycaine | ||||||||||
nitracaine | Ester- Aminobenzoic | |||||||||
orthocaine | ||||||||||
oxetacaine (oxethazaine) | ||||||||||
oxybuprocaine | benoxinate, Novesine | |||||||||
Paraethoxycaine | [14] | |||||||||
phenacaine | Holocaine | |||||||||
piperocaine | metycaine | |||||||||
piridocaine | [15] | |||||||||
pramocaine | pramoxine | |||||||||
prilocaine | Citanest | 1959 (Nils Löfgren and Egner) | 1960 (Wielding) | |||||||
Primacaine | ||||||||||
procaine | Novocain, borocaine (procaine borate), ethocaine | 1904 (Alfred Einhorn) | 1905 (Heinrich Braun) | |||||||
procainamide | ||||||||||
proparacaine | proxymetacaine | |||||||||
propoxycaine[16] | ||||||||||
Pyrrocaine | [17] | |||||||||
quinisocaine (INN) | dimethisoquin (USAN) | [18] | ||||||||
ropivacaine | Naropin | 1957 (Ekenstam) | 1997 | |||||||
trimecaine | Mesdicain, Mesocain, Mesokain | |||||||||
tetracaine | amethocaine, Dicaine, Pontocaine | 1928 (O. Eisleb) | 1931 | |||||||
Tolycaine | [19] | |||||||||
Tropacocaine[20] | ||||||||||
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