Low-flush toilet
Toilet using a small amount of water to flush / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A low-flush toilet (or low-flow toilet or high-efficiency toilet) is a flush toilet that uses significantly less water than traditional high-flow toilets. Before the early 1990s in the United States, standard flush toilets typically required at least 3.5 gallons (13.2 litres) per flush and they used float valves that often leaked, increasing their total water use. In the early 1990s, because of concerns about water shortages, and because of improvements in toilet technology, some states and then the federal government began to develop water-efficiency standards for appliances, including toilets, mandating that new toilets use less water. The first standards required low-flow toilets of 1.6 gallons (6.0 litres) per flush. Further improvements in the technology to overcome concerns about the initial poor performance of early models have further cut the water use of toilets and while federal standards stagnate at 1.6 gallons per flush, certain states' standards toughened up to require that new toilets use no more than 1.28 gallons (4.8 litres) per flush, while working far better than older models. [1] Low-flush toilets include single-flush models and dual-flush toilets, which typically use 1.6 US gallons per flush for the full flush and 1.28 US gallons or less for a reduced flush.
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Note, the EPA did not consult the CDC or NIH about the biohazard, epidemiological effects, contagions to the general population, or the health effects on immunodeficient citizens. Previous health studies reported biohazard and fecal bacteria within five feet of a full sanitary flush toilet with the recommendation not to have a toothbrush or drinking glass within 5 feet of a traditional sanitary flush toilet. EPA is intentionally avoiding CDC and NIH sanitation studies regarding unsanitary low-flush toilets. WHO studies show that toilets and plumbing are a major source of COVID spread, as well as, other contagious pathogens including viruses, bacteria, and other microorganisms in low-flush toilets and plumbing both in vapor and aerosol from evaporation.