Scopolamine
Tropane alkaloid & anticholinergic drug / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Scopolamine, also known as hyoscine,[7] or Devil's Breath,[8] is a natural or synthetically produced tropane alkaloid and anticholinergic drug that is used as a medication to treat motion sickness[9] and postoperative nausea and vomiting.[10][1] It is also sometimes used before surgery to decrease saliva.[1] When used by injection, effects begin after about 20 minutes and last for up to 8 hours.[1] It may also be used orally and as a transdermal patch since it has been long known to have transdermal bioavailability.[1][11]
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Trade names | Transdermscop, Kwells, others |
Other names | Hyoscine[1] |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a682509 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth, transdermal, ophthalmic, subcutaneous, intravenous, sublingual, rectal, buccal, transmucosal, intramuscular |
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Metabolism | Liver |
Elimination half-life | 4.5 hours[6] |
Excretion | Kidney |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.083 |
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Formula | C17H21NO4 |
Molar mass | 303.358 g·mol−1 |
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Scopolamine is in the antimuscarinic family of drugs and works by blocking some of the effects of acetylcholine within the nervous system.[1] Scopolamine was first written about in 1881 and started to be used for anesthesia around 1900.[12][13] Scopolamine is also the main active component produced by certain plants of the nightshade family, which historically have been used as psychoactive drugs, known as deliriants, due to their antimuscarinic-induced hallucinogenic effects in higher doses.[10] In these contexts, its mind-altering effects have been utilized for recreational and occult purposes.[14][15][16] The name "scopolamine" is derived from one type of nightshade known as Scopolia, while the name "hyoscine" is derived from another type known as Hyoscyamus niger, or black henbane.[17][18] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[19]