Pythagoras
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Pythagoras (lafazi: /fitagoras/), da tsohon yaren Girka Πυθαγόρας, masanin falsafa ne na kasar Girnka, masanin lissafi ne kuma wanda ya kirkiri lissafin Pythagoreanism Koyarwarsa na addini da siyasa sunyi fice a yankin Magna Graecia kuma yayi tasiri akan falsafar masana irinsu Plato, Aristotle, sannan kuma tasu ne hakan ya yadu Yammacin Turai baki daya. Mahaifinsa shine Mnesarchus, wani mai hako arzikin kasa a tsiribirin Samos. Masana na zamanin nan sunyi sabani akan ilimi da tasirin Pythagoras, amma sun amince da cewa, a tsakanin shekarar 530 BC, yayi kaura zuwa garin Croton da ke a kudancin Italiya, inda ya kafa wata makaranta wanda dalibansa suna rantsuwa a cikin sirri cewa zasu rika yin rayuwa mai sauki ta zuhudu. Wannan rayuwa ya kunshi haramcin daga wasu nau'oin abinci, wanda a gargajiyance ance sun hada da haramcin cin nama, duk da cewa malaman zamani sunyi kokwanto akan hana cin nama baki daya daga gare shi.
Pythagoras | |
---|---|
Rayuwa | |
Cikakken suna | Πυθαγόρας |
Haihuwa | Samos (en) , 6 century "BCE" |
ƙasa | Samos (en) |
Mazauni | Crotone (en) |
Mutuwa | Metapontum, 490s "BCE" |
Ƴan uwa | |
Mahaifi | Mnesarchus |
Abokiyar zama | Theano (en) |
Yara | |
Karatu | |
Harsuna | Ancient Greek (en) |
Malamai |
Anaximander (en) Themistoclea (en) Hermodamas (en) Pherecydes of Syros (en) Thales na Miletus |
Ɗalibai |
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|
Sana'a | |
Sana'a | masanin lissafi, mai falsafa, ɗan siyasa, marubuci, musicologist (en) da music theorist (en) |
Muhimman ayyuka |
Pythagorean theorem (en) Pythagorean triple (en) Platonic solid (en) |
Wanda ya ja hankalinsa | Pherecydes of Syros (en) , Anaximander (en) , Thales na Miletus da Zoroaster |
Fafutuka |
Pythagoreanism Western philosophy (en) |
Imani | |
Addini | Pythagoreanism |
Anfi alakanta koyarwar Pythagoras da metempsychosis, ko kuma "kaurar ruhi", wanda ke cewa kowacce rai bata mutuwa baki daya, cewa a gabannin mutuwa, ruhin zai koma cikin wani sabon jikin. Watakila ma ya koyar da musica universalis, wanda ke cewa, duniyoyi suna motsi ne dangane da dabarun lissafi ( mathematical equations), kuma suna fitar da wani sauti na waka. Masana sunyi sabani akan cewa ko Pythagoras ne ya kirkiro numerological da koyarwar waka wanda ake alakanta su da shi, ko kuwa daga cikin mabiyansa ne suka kirkiro koyarwar, musamman Philolaus na Croton. Bayan cin nasara da Croton tayi ga a cikin karni na 510 BC, mabiya Pythagoras sun shiga rikici tare da magoya bayan dimukradiyya, kuma an kone wuraren taro na Pythagoras da mutanensa. Watakila acikin tsakiyar rikicin ne Pythagoras ya mutu, ko kuma ya tsira zuwa Metapontum inda ya mutu a can.
A zamunan baya, ana jinjinawa Pythagoras dangane da nasarorin bincike na kimiyya da lissafi, irin su Pythagorean theorem, Pythagorean tuning, five regular solids, Theory of Proportions, sphericity of the Earth da kuma gano yanayin safiya da yammaci a duniyar Venus. An sanar cewa shine wanda ya fara kiran kansa a matsayin masanin falsafa wato (masoyin hikima).[1]
Pythagoras yayi koyar da Plato, wanda acikin zantukan shi, musamman Timaeus, ya nuna koyarwar Pythagoras. Hikimomin Pythagoras dangane da lissafi yayi tasiri akan Fasahar Kasar Girka na zamunan baya. An cigaba da daukar Pythagoras a matsayin mashahuran masana falsafa a daukakin shekarun tsakiyar zamunai, sannan falsafarsa sunyi tasiri sosai akan masana, irin su Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, da kuma Isaac Newton. An cigaba da amfani da tamburan pythagoras a daukakin zamanin European esotericism na yau, sannan koyarwarsa, kamar yadda aka zayyano a wakar, Ovid sunyi tasiri ga mabiya akidar cin ganyayyaki kawai (vegetarianism).