Mongol Empire
13th- and 14th-century empire originating in Mongolia / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Mongol Empire, an empire ruled in the 13th and 14th centuries, was one of the largest land empires in history. The original homeland of the Mongols, was bounded by the Khingan Mountains on the east, the Altai and Tian mountains on the west, the Shilka River and the mountain ranges by Lake Baikal on the north, and the Great Wall of China on the south.
Mongol Kingdom ꡏꡡꡃꡢꡂꡡꡙ ꡢꡂꡋ ꡓꡙꡓꡛ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1206–1368 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Status | Khanate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital | Karakorum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common languages | Mongolian | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Religion | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Government | monarchy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
• Khan | Genghis Khan (first), Togon Temür (last) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Establishment | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
• Establishment | 1206 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
• Fall of Yuan Dynasty | 1368 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
• Fall of Golden Horde | 1502 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Area | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
• Total | 23,000,000 km2 (8,900,000 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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It was founded by Genghis Khan in 1206 AD when he brought together the Mongol and Turkic tribes. When he died in 1227 AD, he had conquered Central Asia, North China and parts of eastern Persia. Later his grandson Kublai Khan would go on to expand the empire and found the Mongol-ruled Yuan Dynasty, ruling whole China. The Mongol Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to East Asia, including Central Asia and the Middle East. Its power did not last long, though. By the 1360s it had broken into several empires, all of which were later destroyed.
One of Shi Tianze's sons married a daughter of the Mongol official Menggu Baer (Meng-ku Pa-erh) on an epitaph that Hu Zhiyu wrote. The son is mentioned as having served as Minister of the Right. Shi Jiang (Shih Chiang) and Shi Ge (Shih Ko) among the 8 sons of Shi Tianze were minister of the right and it could be either one of them.[1][2] Shi Tianze who was Han himself had 2 Jurchen wives, 1 Korean wife and a Han wife.[3][4] The National history project of the Mongol empire under Kublai was supervised and directed by Shi Tianze who was the left chancellor recommended by Wang E (Wang O) in August 1261 after a National History Academy and Hanlin were recreatd.[5][6][7]
Menggu Baer served as an official in China and was known for his leniency and kindness towards commoners.[8][9][10][11]