1977 Washington, D.C., attack and hostage taking
1977 siege / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The 1977 Hanafi Siege was a terrorist attack, hostage-taking, and standoff in Washington, D.C., lasting from March 9 to March 11, 1977. Three buildings (the District Building, B'nai B'rith headquarters, and Islamic Center of Washington) were seized by twelve Hanafi Movement gunmen, who took 149 hostages.[1] During the initial attack and takeover of the buildings, the assailants killed a journalist and mortally wounded a police officer; three others, including a city councilor, were injured. After a 39-hour standoff, the gunmen surrendered and all remaining hostages were released.
1977 Hanafi siege | |
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Location | Washington, D.C. |
Coordinates | 38°53′42″N 77°01′53″W |
Date | March 9–11, 1977 (3 days) |
Target | The perpetrators of the 1973 Hanafi Muslim massacre and Malcolm X's killing |
Attack type | Siege, hostage taking, shooting, arson, attempted bombing, shootout |
Deaths | 2 (one bystander, one police officer) |
Injured | 3 (all bystanders) |
Perpetrators | Hamaas Abdul Khaalis and 12 associated gunmen |
The gunmen were led by Hamaas Abdul Khaalis, who wanted to bring attention to the murder of his family in 1973.[2] They had several demands, including that the government hand over the killers of Khaalis' family and Malcolm X to them,[3] as well as that the premiere of Mohammad, Messenger of God be canceled,[3] and the film destroyed, because they considered it sacrilegious.[4]
Time magazine noted:
That the toll was not higher was in part a tribute to the primary tactic U.S. law enforcement officials are now using to thwart terrorists—patience. But most of all, perhaps, it was due to the courageous intervention of three Muslim ambassadors, Egypt's Ashraf Ghorbal, Pakistan's Sahabzada Yaqub-Khan and Iran's Ardeshir Zahedi.[5]