Chagatai Khanate
1226–1347 Turkicized Mongol khanate in Central Asia / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Chagatai Khanate, or Chagatai Ulus[10] was a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate[11][12] that comprised the lands ruled by Chagatai Khan,[13] second son of Genghis Khan, and his descendants and successors. At its height in the late 13th century the khanate extended from the Amu Darya south of the Aral Sea to the Altai Mountains in the border of modern-day Mongolia and China, roughly corresponding to the area once ruled by the Qara Khitai (Western Liao dynasty).[14]
Chagatai Khanate | |||||||||||||||||
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Status |
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Capital | Almaliq, Qarshi | ||||||||||||||||
Common languages |
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Religion | |||||||||||||||||
Government | Semi-elective monarchy, later hereditary monarchy | ||||||||||||||||
Khan | |||||||||||||||||
• 1225–1242 | Chagatai Khan | ||||||||||||||||
Legislature | Kurultai | ||||||||||||||||
Historical era | Late Middle Ages | ||||||||||||||||
1227[7] | |||||||||||||||||
• Death of Chagatai | 1242 | ||||||||||||||||
• Chagatai Khanate split between west and east (Moghulistan) | 1340s | ||||||||||||||||
• Western portion annexed by Timurid Empire | 1363 | ||||||||||||||||
1487 | |||||||||||||||||
• Turpan Khanate disappeared | 1660s | ||||||||||||||||
• Yarkent Khanate conquered by Dzungar Khanate | 1705 | ||||||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1347 | ||||||||||||||||
Area | |||||||||||||||||
1310 or 1350 est.[8][9] | 3,500,000 km2 (1,400,000 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||||
Currency | Coins (dirhams, Kebek, and pūl) | ||||||||||||||||
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Initially, the rulers of the Chagatai Khanate recognized the supremacy of the Great Khan,[15] but by the reign of Kublai Khan, Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq no longer obeyed the emperor's orders. From 1363, the Chagatais progressively lost Transoxiana to the Timurids. The reduced realm came to be known as Moghulistan, which lasted until the late 15th century, when it broke off into the Yarkent Khanate and Turpan Khanate. In 1680, the remaining Chagatai domains lost their independence to the Dzungar Khanate, and in 1705, the last Chagatai khan was removed from power, ending the dynasty of Chagatai.