Chlortalidone
Thiazide-like diuretic drug / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Chlortalidone, also known as chlorthalidone, is a thiazide-like diuretic drug[1] used to treat high blood pressure, swelling (such as occurs in heart failure, liver failure, and nephrotic syndrome), diabetes insipidus, and renal tubular acidosis.[2][3] Because chlortalidone is effective in most patients with high blood pressure, it is considered a preferred initial treatment.[4][2] It is also used to prevent calcium-based kidney stones.[2] It is taken by mouth.[2] Effects generally begin within three hours and last for up to three days.[2] Long-term treatment with chlortalidone is more effective than hydrochlorothiazide for prevention of heart attack or stroke.[5]
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Trade names | Hygroton, Thalitone, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a682342 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth |
Drug class | Thiazide-like diuretic |
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Protein binding | 75% |
Elimination half-life | 40 hours |
Excretion | Kidney |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.930 |
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Formula | C14H11ClN2O4S |
Molar mass | 338.76 g·mol−1 |
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Chirality | Racemic mixture |
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Common adverse effects include low blood potassium, low blood sodium, high blood sugar, dizziness, and erectile dysfunction.[2][3][6] Other adverse effects may include gout, low blood magnesium, high blood calcium, allergic reactions, and low blood pressure.[2][3][7] Some reviews have found chlortalidone and hydrochlorothiazide to have a similar risk of adverse effects,[8][9] while other reviews have found chlortalidone to have a higher risk.[1][10] While it may be used in pregnancy it is a less preferred option.[2] How it works is not completely clear but is believed to involve increasing the amount of sodium and water lost by the kidneys.[2]
Chlortalidone was patented in 1957 and came into medical use in 1960.[11] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[12] It is available as a generic medication.[3] In 2021, it was the 127th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 4 million prescriptions.[13][14]