Epidural hematoma
Build-up of blood between the dura mater and skull / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Epidural hematoma is when bleeding occurs between the tough outer membrane covering the brain (dura mater) and the skull.[4] When this condition occurs in the spinal canal, it is known as a spinal epidural hematoma.[4]
Epidural hematoma | |
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Other names | Extradural hematoma, epidural hemorrhage, epidural haematoma, epidural bleeding |
Epidural hematoma as seen on a CT scan with overlying skull fracture. Note the biconvex shaped collection of blood. There is also bruising with bleeding on the opposite side of the brain. | |
Specialty | Neurosurgery, Neurology |
Symptoms | Headache, confusion, paralysis[1] |
Usual onset | Rapid[2] |
Causes | Head injury, bleeding disorder, blood vessel malformation[1] |
Diagnostic method | Medical imaging (CT scan)[1] |
Differential diagnosis | Subdural hematoma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury,[1] transient ischemic attack seizure, intracranial abscess, brain tumor[3] |
Treatment | Surgery (craniotomy, burr hole)[1] |
There may be loss of consciousness following a head injury, a brief regaining of consciousness, and then loss of consciousness again.[2] Other symptoms may include headache, confusion, vomiting, and an inability to move parts of the body.[1] Complications may include seizures.[1]
The cause is typically head injury that results in a break of the temporal bone and bleeding from the middle meningeal artery.[4] Occasionally it can occur as a result of a bleeding disorder or blood vessel malformation.[1] Diagnosis is typically by a CT scan or MRI scan.[1]
Treatment is generally by urgent surgery in the form of a craniotomy or burr hole,[1] or (in the case of a spinal epidural hematoma) laminotomy with spinal decompression.
The condition occurs in one to four percent of head injuries.[1] Typically it occurs in young adults.[1] Males are more often affected than females.[1]