Estrogen receptor
Proteins activated by the hormone estrogen / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dear Wikiwand AI, let's keep it short by simply answering these key questions:
Can you list the top facts and stats about Estrogen receptor?
Summarize this article for a 10 year old
Estrogen receptors (ERs) are a group of proteins found inside cells. They are receptors that are activated by the hormone estrogen (17β-estradiol).[1] Two classes of ER exist: nuclear estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ), which are members of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular receptors, and membrane estrogen receptors (mERs) (GPER (GPR30), ER-X, and Gq-mER), which are mostly G protein-coupled receptors. This article refers to the former (ER).
estrogen receptor 1 (ER-alpha) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Identifiers | |||||||
Symbol | ESR1 | ||||||
Alt. symbols | ER-α, NR3A1 | ||||||
NCBI gene | 2099 | ||||||
HGNC | 3467 | ||||||
OMIM | 133430 | ||||||
PDB | 1ERE | ||||||
RefSeq | NM_000125 | ||||||
UniProt | P03372 | ||||||
Other data | |||||||
Locus | Chr. 6 q24-q27 | ||||||
|
estrogen receptor 2 (ER-beta) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Identifiers | |||||||
Symbol | ESR2 | ||||||
Alt. symbols | ER-β, NR3A2 | ||||||
NCBI gene | 2100 | ||||||
HGNC | 3468 | ||||||
OMIM | 601663 | ||||||
PDB | 1QKM | ||||||
RefSeq | NM_001040275 | ||||||
UniProt | Q92731 | ||||||
Other data | |||||||
Locus | Chr. 14 q21-q22 | ||||||
|
Once activated by estrogen, the ER is able to translocate into the nucleus and bind to DNA to regulate the activity of different genes (i.e. it is a DNA-binding transcription factor). However, it also has additional functions independent of DNA binding.[2]
As hormone receptors for sex steroids (steroid hormone receptors), ERs, androgen receptors (ARs), and progesterone receptors (PRs) are important in sexual maturation and gestation.